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Transport is characterised by market failures that are of particular importance in urban settings. This paper reviews market failures and policy failures in The Netherlands for various transport markets, including road transport, public transport and biking. Special attention is paid to parking problems, and possibilities to cope with these by pricing measures. It is demonstrated that in some cases parking externalities lead to non-convexities that make pricing policies less attractive. In that case parking restrictions are called for. A general shift is observed from national to municipality policy initiatives. In terms of both effectiveness and social and political acceptability, the municipal policies definitely score better.

Transport is characterised by market failures that are of particular importance in urban settings. This paper reviews market failures and policy failures in The Netherlands for various transport markets, including road transport, public transport and biking. Special attention is paid to parking problems, and possibilities to cope with these by pricing measures. It is demonstrated that in some cases parking externalities lead to non-convexities that make pricing policies less attractive. In that case parking restrictions are called for. A general shift is observed from national to municipality policy initiatives. In terms of both effectiveness and social and political acceptability, the municipal policies definitely score better.

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Contents -- Figures, Tables and Maps -- Contributors -- Preface -- 1 Spatial Consequences of Structural Change -- Part A: Spatial Aspects of Innovation and Knowledge Production -- 2 Local Opportunities and Innovative Behaviour: A Meta-Analytic Study of European Cities -- 3 An Evolutionary Approach to Firm Dynamics: Adaptation and Path Dependency -- 4 Agglomeration and Industrial Innovation in Space: An Empirical Analysis -- 5 Expenditure and Knowledge based Regional Impacts Associated with a University: Some Empirical Evidence -- Part B: Tourism, Infrastructure and Regional Development -- 6 Incentive Programs for Rural Tourism in Israel: A Tool for Promoting Rural Development -- 7 The Economic Impact of Tourism in Israel: A Multiregional Input-Output Analysis -- 8 The Impact of Road Infrastructure on Productivity, Employment and Regional Inequalities in Europe -- 9 Transport Infrastructure Investments and Regional Development: Literature Review -- Part C: Regional Development: Modelling and Policy -- 10 Employment Forecasting in Fryslân in the Age of Economic Structural Changes -- 11 The Spatial Distribution of Employment in the European Union: 1950-1990 -- 12 Economic Dynamics in the Randstad Holland: Do Agglomeration Economies still Exist? -- 13 Conclusion: Structural Economic Change and Regional Development

First published in 1997, this book contains contributions on policy aspects of networks from a multidisciplinary perspective, including economics, geography and transport science. Both material and immaterial networks are examined. Policy aspects refer mainly to interventions of the public sector in networks. In addition, the book examines the policies of other actors in shaping networks and the territorial effects of networks as a whole.

This book discusses economic effects of transport infrastructure investments at various spatial levels: urban, regional, national and international. The analysis has both a theoretical and an empirical character. The concept of accessibility plays a central role in both the theoretical and empirical part of the book. In the empirical applications both modelling and non-modelling approaches are used. Empirical applications include the impacts of highway and railway construction on urban and regional economies, and the impacts of aviation and high speed rail on international accessibility in city systems