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The dissertation focuses on participative regional planning through a case study of an Ecological Metropolitan Mountain Park in Bogotá. Taking an international perspective, it addresses issues of local scale and public sphere and emphasizes the relationships between democracy, technocracy and regional planning. The study explores the relationships between the individual and the collective and their spatial practices and stresses the importance of the social representation of the other and the place within the multi-scalar process of territorial construction. Based on an historical analysis, the study points out that participation should be analyzed in terms of commitment of social actors and individuals rather than in terms of citizen participation. The study is carried out within the broader context of urbanization and the emergence of sprawling and deprived neighborhoods in the peripheries of major cities. Stressing the issues of illegality and informality, it questions the origin and status of these peripheries and assesses the influence of public policies. The study highlights two parallel processes of territorial production and appropriation by identifying the challenges confronting the actors as they set up the rules. Despites the attempts of the experts, who are using legitimate language, to maintain their hegemony the capacity of action and the competences of other actors become increasingly visible. Caught between injunction and initiative, participative planning is bound to move beyond a mere information phase and to engage into concerted action while being aware that conflict is an essential part of the process and that there is no place for anonymity. ; La tesis analiza y define el ordenamiento participativo, a partir de un estudio de caso —un parque ecológico metropolitano de montaña— dentro del contexto internacional. Interpela los paradigmas de lo local y de espacio público y señala el nexo entre democracia, tecnocracia y urbanismo. La tesis trata las relaciones entre el individuo, la colectividad y el espacio, revelando la importancia de las representaciones sociales del Otro y del lugar en la construcción territorial multi-escalas. El enfoque histórico invita a utilizar de preferencia la expresión "participación de actores sociales" en la cual el compromiso del sujeto es importante, en vez de participación ciudadana. El estudio se inscribe en el contexto de la urbanización y de la aparición y extensión de periférias pobres en las grandes ciudades y se interroga sobre la ilegalidad o informalidad de su estatus y origen asi que sobre la influencia de las politicas publicas. Se identifican dos procesos paralelos de producción y apropiación territorial, exponiendo aquello que los actores ponen en juego al fijar la reglamentación. A pesar de los esfuerzos de los expertos, portadores de un lenguaje legítimo, para guardar la hegemonía en el ordenamiento, se hace evidente la capacidad de acción y las competencias de los demás actores. El ordenamiento partipativo entre coerción e iniciativa, es llamado a ir más allá del estado de información para llegar a la acción conjunta, sabiendo que el conflicto es esencial y que no hay lugar para el anonimato. ; Cette thèse analyse et définit l'aménagement participatif à partir d'une étude de cas — un parc écologique métropolitain de montagne — et en l'insérant dans une perspective internationale. Elle questionne les paradigmes du local et de l'espace public et examine le rapport entre la démocratie, la technocratie et l'urbanisme. La thèse aborde les relations entre l'individu, le collectif et l'espace et révèle l'importance des représentations sociales d'autrui et du lieu dans la construction territoriale multiscalaire. L'approche historique incite à parler davantage d'une participation des acteurs sociaux dans laquelle l'engagement du sujet est important, que d'une participation citoyenne. L'étude s'inscrit dans le contexte de l'urbanisation et de l'apparition et l'étalement des périphéries démunies autour des grandes villes et s'interroge sur l'illégalité ou l'informalité de leur statut et origine ainsi que sur l'influence des politiques publiques. Deux processus parallèles de production et d'appropriation des territoires sont mis en lumière, en décelant les enjeux d'acteurs dans la fixation des règles. Malgré les efforts des experts, porteurs du langage légitime, pour maintenir l'hégémonie dans l'aménagement, la capacité d'action et les compétences des autres acteurs deviennent évidentes. L'aménagement participatif, entre injonction et initiative, est appelé à dépasser le stade de l'information pour aboutir à l'action conjointe, tout en sachant que le conflit est essentiel et qu'il n'y a pas de place pour l'anonymat.

The dissertation focuses on participative regional planning through a case study of an Ecological Metropolitan Mountain Park in Bogotá. Taking an international perspective, it addresses issues of local scale and public sphere and emphasizes the relationships between democracy, technocracy and regional planning. The study explores the relationships between the individual and the collective and their spatial practices and stresses the importance of the social representation of the other and the place within the multi-scalar process of territorial construction. Based on an historical analysis, the study points out that participation should be analyzed in terms of commitment of social actors and individuals rather than in terms of citizen participation. The study is carried out within the broader context of urbanization and the emergence of sprawling and deprived neighborhoods in the peripheries of major cities. Stressing the issues of illegality and informality, it questions the origin and status of these peripheries and assesses the influence of public policies. The study highlights two parallel processes of territorial production and appropriation by identifying the challenges confronting the actors as they set up the rules. Despites the attempts of the experts, who are using legitimate language, to maintain their hegemony the capacity of action and the competences of other actors become increasingly visible. Caught between injunction and initiative, participative planning is bound to move beyond a mere information phase and to engage into concerted action while being aware that conflict is an essential part of the process and that there is no place for anonymity. ; La tesis analiza y define el ordenamiento participativo, a partir de un estudio de caso —un parque ecológico metropolitano de montaña— dentro del contexto internacional. Interpela los paradigmas de lo local y de espacio público y señala el nexo entre democracia, tecnocracia y urbanismo. La tesis trata las relaciones entre el individuo, la colectividad ...

Purpose
– The purpose of this paper is to explore whether "resilience" offers any positive inputs to international discourse in the field of disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation and if so, what recommendations can be made for further research on the topic.


Design/methodology/approach
– In addition to an in-depth literature review, observations on resilience were made based on interdisciplinary research conducted in Nepal 2008-2011 with landslide affected communities, to map local understandings of resilience in contrast to issues of risk and vulnerability.


Findings
– Resilience has the potential to offer a more systemic and cross-cutting approach to disaster risk reduction, climate change adaptation and the humanitarian sector. However, it needs to be assessed critically as one attribute of sustainable development, not as a lesser substitute.


Originality/value
– This paper provides new insights to the emerging contrast between proponents and critics of the resilience paradigm with recommendations for avoiding potential dangers that this paradigm brings.

Rural roads are important for the communities in the hilly areas of Nepal as they introduce livelihood opportunities at the local level, and provide better access to the healthcare, education, and resources. Yet, most of the rural roads in Nepal are unplanned and non-engineered, and these roads are often closed for many months during and after the monsoon. Such roads require huge investments, especially post-monsoon, to clear debris and to keep them operational. In parallel, there is evidence that such roads lead to a large number of slope failures and accelerated sedimentation, which degrade the environment and ecosystem services. To remedy such roadside slope failures, eco-engineering practices were tested and demonstrated in partnership with three communities in the Panchase Region of the Nepal&rsquo ; s Central&ndash ; Western hills. Eco-engineering is a hybrid approach, combining civil engineering works for drainage and slope stability, with the plantation of deep-rooted vegetation. It is one activity contributing to nature-based solutions (NbS) for the sustainable and long-term operation of the rural roads in the Panchase geographic region. This paper describes the inter-disciplinary and community-based research, monitoring, and evaluation methods applied, including the establishment of onsite demonstration plots and rhizotrons in which key performance indicator (KPI) analysis of plant species was performed. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of eco-engineering for reducing risk, while creating ecological co-benefits along rural roads (or eco-safe roads) in hilly areas. Based on this research, an &ldquo ; eco-safe rural road assessment framework&rdquo ; was developed, outlining the systematic process to be followed for the design of eco-safe rural roads for more sustainable road construction and maintenance. The eco-engineering practices which are being promoted by this framework were accepted by communities and could be further implemented by local government bodies and upscaled in other similar hilly areas around the country.

This book is a compilation of recent developments in the field of ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction and climate change adaption (Eco-DRR/CCA) globally. It provides further evidence that ecosystem-based approaches make economic sense, and showcases how research has progressively filled knowledge gaps about translating this concept into practice. It presents a number of methods, and tools that illustrate how Eco-DRR/CCA has been applied for various ecosystems and hazard contexts around the world. It also discusses how innovative institutional arrangements and policies are shaping the field of Eco-DRR/CCA. The book is of relevance to scientists, practitioners, policy-makers and students in the field of ecosystem management for disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation.

The increasing worldwide trend in disasters, which will be aggravated by global environmental change, urges us to implement new approaches to hazard mitigation, as well as exposure and vulnerability reduction. Ecosystem management is a well-tested solution to sustainable development that is being revisited because of its inherent "win–win" and "no-regrets" appeal to address rising disaster and climate change issues. It is one of the few approaches that can impact all elements of the disaster risk equation – mitigating hazards, reducing exposure, reducing vulnerabilities and increasing the resilience of exposed communities. Yet, the uptake of ecosystem-based approaches for disaster risk reduction (DRR) is slow despite some very good examples of success stories. Reasons for this are multiple: ecosystem management is rarely considered as part of the portfolio of DRR solutions because the environmental and disaster management communities typically work independently from each other; its contribution to DRR is highly undervalued compared to engineered solutions and thus not attributed appropriate budget allocations.

Contiene: Pulmonary tuberculosis and enlistment / Rieux.-- Págs. 48-49.-- Selection of the troops and tuberculous

The goal of this book is to explore disaster risk reduction (DRR), migration, climate change adaptation (CCA) and sustainable development linkages from a number of different geographical, social and natural science angles. Well-known scientists and practitioners present different perspectives regarding these inter-linkages from around the world, with theoretical discussions as well as field observations. This publication contributes in particular to the discussion on the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction (SFDRR) 2015-2030 and the debate about how to improve DRR, including CCA, policies and practices, taking into account migration processes from a large perspective where both natural and social factors are crucial and mutually "alloyed". Some authors see the SFDRR as a positive step forward in terms of embracing a multitude of issues, others doubting that the agreement will lead to much concrete action toward real action on the ground. This book is a timely contribution for researchers, students and policy makers in the fields of environment, human geography, migration, disaster and climate change studies who seek a more comprehensive grasp of contemporary development issues

Within a vision of the future and in a continuous interaction between the individual, the collective and the space, we propose to address urban issues from the needs linked to lifestyles which shape the city. With this approach and the experience of confinement, we take up the results of a previous project regarding the dimension of the encounter, the practices of space and the use of ICT, which can provide interesting contributions for the conception of future spaces.

Regional landslide assessments and mapping have been effectively pursued by research institutions, national and local governments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and different stakeholders for some time, and a wide range of methodologies and technologies have consequently been proposed. Land-use mapping and hazard event inventories are mostly created by remote-sensing data, subject to difficulties, such as accessibility and terrain, which need to be overcome. Likewise, landslide data acquisition for the field navigation can magnify the accuracy of databases and analysis. Open-source Web and mobile GIS tools can be used for improved ground-truthing of critical areas to improve the analysis of hazard patterns and triggering factors. This paper reviews the implementation and selected results of a secure mobile-map application called ROOMA (Rapid Offline–Online Mapping Application) for the rapid data collection of landslide hazard and risk. This prototype assists the quick creation of landslide inventory maps (LIMs) by collecting information on the type, feature, volume, date, and patterns of landslides using open-source Web-GIS technologies such as Leaflet maps, Cordova, GeoServer, PostgreSQL as the real DBMS (database management system), and PostGIS as its plug-in for spatial database management. This application comprises Leaflet maps coupled with satellite images as a base layer, drawing tools, geolocation (using GPS and the Internet), photo mapping, and event clustering. All the features and information are recorded into a GeoJSON text file in an offline version (Android) and subsequently uploaded to the online mode (using all browsers) with the availability of Internet. Finally, the events can be accessed and edited after approval by an administrator and then be visualized by the general public.