Suchergebnisse

This analysis of one of the central issues of the our times focuses on Latin America, providing an in-depth and empirically driven analysis of the models of regional governance in Latin America that have now emerged out of the 'crisis of liberalism'

ABSTRACTTargeted social policies and other more universal forms of social protection have shaped (the shifts in) the politics of popular support in Latin America. Since the early 2000s this has led to a tendency towards the election of left‐leaning governments, stimulating stronger political pressure for more extensive redistribution. Yet despite a wide range of cash transfers, subsidies and other social policies, the 'post‐neoliberal' ideal of welfare did not reshape the political and relational powers of citizens in the ways necessary to redress the structural determinants of poverty and inequality across the region. This article reveals a 'dark side' of social policy in Latin America, arguing that targeted and precariously funded welfare regimes are creating tensions between the socio‐economic and ecological spheres that undermine inclusive citizenship and democracy.

Sexual and reproductive health needs and rights are one of the bleakest examples of (racialised) gender health inequalities in Brazil. This is so despite legal and constitutional specificity recognising the right to health as right of citizenship. In this paper we argue that a 'performance gap' is revealed in contradictions between what the right to health as a normative framework encourages states to do, and institutional arrangements and power relations that underpin everyday gendered inequalities in health delivery. The contribution of this article is two-fold. First, it contributes to feminist political economy accounts of the neglect of sexual and reproductive rights by adding a perspective of human dignity as an approach to gender inequalities. Second, it explores ways in which health inequalities manifest in everyday practices, and how divergent expectations of what the right to health means for professionals and for disadvantaged black women limit the capacity of healthcare to make a difference to their well-being. The article also underlines the importance of complementing legal accountability in health with mechanisms that account for prerogatives of gender justice, equality and dignity.

Regional organisations are moving away from traditional market-based goals to embrace issues of welfare, yet the role they play in social policy formation, and their contribution to the embedding of alternative approaches to development, is poorly understood. This article explores whether and how the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC) advance pro-poor norms and policies in national and global governance. Whilst not coherent citizenship-centred projects of regionalism, SADC and UNASUR have developed institutional competences to address the health-poverty nexus, though their policy development practices and methods take quite different forms. Theoretically, the paper develops a framework addressing three key claims: (i) poverty and welfare need to be brought in to the study of regional governance; (ii) the agency of Southern regional organisations in the generation and diffusion of norms needs to be taken more seriously in the literature and in practice; (iii) context matters for whether and how regional organisations provide normative leadership; act as brokers in a (re)distributive way; or as advocacy actors in a political way, enabling claims at different levels of governance.

Poverty reduction and access to better conditions of wellbeing, including recognition of rights, are persisting challenges in developing countries and their populations. In recent years, the terms of regionalism in South America have been redefined to embrace new objectives and practices beyond economic integration. Since the inception of the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR), health became a 'locus for integration', creating a new framework for formal integration in this policy area. The significance of regional health governance has, therefore, to be seen in the process of region-building but also as new practices projected externally through 'regional health diplomacy'. From this perspective, the region can be considered both as a 'space for policy practice' and as an 'actor'. This paper explores UNASUR's health diplomacy policies and politics within the region and vis-à-vis external actors in relation to access to medicine and rights to health. It is argued that new policies and the negotiation of regional health policies are redefining what region is and is for, and the synergies between regionalism and social development. ; La lucha contra la pobreza y el acceso a mejores condiciones de vida, incluido el reconocimiento de derechos, son desafíos persistentes que afectan de manera desproporcionada a los países en desarrollo y sus poblaciones más vulnerables. Al mismo tiempo, la integración regional en América Latina hoy representa un conglomerado de proyectos que no solo aborda temas comerciales, sino también políticos y sociales, articulados alrededor de nuevos objetivos y prácticas, basados en solidaridad y autonomía. Esto se ha manifestado particularmente en el área de salud, donde –bajo la coordinación de UNASUR–, una innovadora estructura institucional lidera programas, recursos y políticas para mejorar el acceso a la salud en la región y, mediante una nueva "diplomacia regional", la posición frente a actores internacionales en materia de acceso a medicamentos y derecho a la salud. Este artículo ...

Introduction: governance in South America / Pia Riggirozzi and Chris Wylde -- Governance and development in South America -- South American governance in the colonial period / José Briceño Ruiz -- Post-colonial South America: 19th century laissez-faire governance / Colin M. Lewis -- Dependency theory and South American governance in post-neoliberal times / Miguel A. Rivera- Quiñones -- Neoliberal governance in South America / Laura Macdonald -- The concept and practice of post-neoliberal governance in South America / Christopher Wylde -- Inter-American relations in historical perspective / Thomas O'Brien -- The institutionalization of governance in South America -- Governing security in south america: from the inter-American treaty of reciprocal assistance to the South American defence council / Jorge Battaglino -- The organization of American states: promise and limitations as a hub institution / Andrew F. Cooper -- Governing debt : south america and the IMF / Pablo Nemiña -- Governing development in South America: between old and new challenges / José Fernández Alonso -- Governance as regional integration: ALADI, CAN and MERCOSUR / Laura Gómez-Mera -- Regional governance in South America: supporting states, dealing with markets and reworking hegemonies / Pia Riggirozzi and Diana Tussie -- The new minilateralism in regional economic governance: cross-regionalism and the Pacific alliance / Jorge Garzón and Detlef Nolte -- South-south cooperation and the governance of development aid in South America / Alejandra Kern and Gino Pauselli -- China's spin on governing its relatIonship with South America / Carol Wise -- Placing actors in South American governance -- The place of the military in South American governance / Orlando J. Pérez -- Beyond states and markets in South America : lessons of labour-centred development from Chile and Argentina / Adam Fishwick and Benjamin Selwyn -- A foot on each side of the picket-line : the contradictory role of labour unions in South American governance / Daniel Ozarow -- Business interest groups and policymaking in South America / Néstor Castañeda -- Democracy, pluralism and the media in South America / Carolina Matos -- Human rights activists and advocacy in South America / Francesca Lessa and Cara levey -- Indigenous rights and resource governance / Roberta Rice -- The South American right: powerful elites and weak states / Barry Cannon -- Emerging issues/old dilemmas -- Shaking up governance and inequality in South America: a political-economy account / Jeff Dayton-Johnson -- Social movements and governance in South America / Sofia Donoso -- Extractivism and citizenship / Juan Grigera -- Governing natural resources / Jewellord Nem Singh -- Transboundary water governance in South America / Marcelo Saguier -- The drugs trade grace livingstone -- Creating space for autonomous governance : South America and the global governance structural power game / Sean W. Burges -- International migration in South America: emerging forms of governance / Ana Margheritis -- Scaling up citizenship in South america through MERCOSUR / Marcelo Mondelli -- Possibilities and prospects in the study of South American governance -- Institutions, actors and the practice of governance in South America : conclusion and directions for further research / Pia Riggirozzi and Christopher Wylde.

"Governance in South America is signified by strategies pursued by state and non-state actors directed to enhancing (some aspect of) their capabilities and powers of agency. It is about the spaces and the practices available, demanded or created to â#x80;#x98;make politics happenâ#x80;#x99;. This framework lends explanatory power to understand how governance has been defined and practiced in South America.PÃƯa Riggirozzi and Christopher Wylde bring together leading experts to explore what demands and dilemmas have shaped understanding and practice of governance in South America in and across the region. The Handbook suggests that governance dilemmas of inequitable and unfulfilled political economic governance in South America have been constant historical features, yet addressed and negotiated in different ways. Building from an introduction to key issues defining governance in South America, this Handbook proceeds to examine institutions, actors and practices in governance focusing on three core processes: evolution of socio-economic and political justice claims as central to the demands of governance; governance frameworks foregrounding particular issues and often privileging particular forms of political practice; and iterative and cumulative processes leading to new demands of governance addressing recognition and identity politics.This Handbook will be a key reference for those concerned with the study of South America, South American political economy, regional governance, and the politics of development."--Provided by publisher.