Suchergebnisse

Intro -- Contents -- The Author -- Acknowledgments -- This book -- 1. Introduction -- Comparative international systems -- Institutions, rules, and norms -- Stateless societies -- Walls and bridges -- Further reading -- Think about -- 2. China and East Asia -- The Warring States period -- The development of the Chinese state -- The overland system -- The tribute system -- A Japanese international system? -- Further reading -- Timeline -- Short dictionary -- Think about -- 3. India and Indianization -- Vedic India -- Classical India -- Indianization -- The Mughal Empire -- India as an international system -- Timeline -- Short dictionary -- Think about -- 4. The Muslim Caliphates -- The Arab expansion -- The Umayyads and the Abbasids -- The Arabs in Spain -- An international system of caliphates -- The Ottoman Empire -- Further reading -- Timeline -- Short dictionary -- Think about -- 5. The Mongol Khanates -- From Temüjin to Genghis Khan -- A nomadic state -- How to conquer the world -- Dividing it all up -- An international system of khanates -- Further reading -- Timeline -- Short dictionary -- Think about -- 6. Africa -- The Nile River Valley -- North Africa -- The kingdoms of West Africa -- East Africa and the Indian Ocean -- An African international system? -- Further reading -- Timeline -- Short dictionary -- Think about -- 7. The Americas -- The Maya -- The Aztecs -- The Incas -- North America -- Further reading -- Timeline -- Short dictionary -- Think about -- 8. European Expansion -- A sea route to India -- Europeans in the "New World" -- A commercial world economy -- An industrial world economy -- The apotheosis of colonialism -- Decolonization -- Further reading -- Timeline -- Short dictionary -- Think about -- Afterthoughts: Walls and Bridges.

PART I: INTRODUCTION Liberals and Barbarians An Awesome Performance PART II: THE DESTRUCTION OF YUANMINGYUAN An Imperial Theme Park The North China Campaign of 1860 Enter the Barbarians PART III: LIBERAL BARBARIANS Assembling the Liberal Script Performing the Liberal Script War in the Age of Sensation Striking the Chinese with Awe PART IV: CONCLUSION An Eternal Object

Why, from the eighteenth century onwards, did some countries embark on a path of sustained economic growth, while others stagnated? This text looks at the kind of institutions that are required in order for change to take place, and Ringmar concludes that for sustained development to be possible, change must be institutionalized. Taking a global view, Ringmar investigates the implications of his conclusion on issues facing the developing world today.

The idea of the sovereign state is at the core of the Western understanding of international politics. If we are serious about coming up with non-Western theories of international politics, it is the state that must be questioned. This article suggests some ways in which this can be done. Only once we have unthought the state can we reconstruct international politics as a more equitable, and peaceful, world order. ; WOS:000548532500001 ; 2-s2.0-85087819069

Over the last couple of decades, the conditions of life for nomadic peoples have been radically rethought (Devore & Lee, 1999). Contrary to what we once were told, the lives of hunters, gatherers and pastoralists are generally not "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short" (Hobbes, 1651, i:13, p. 84). Rather, barring environmental calamities, their lives are sociable, rich, pleasant, sophisticated and long. Gatherers are not desperately digging for roots and hunters are not chasing wild geese. Instead hunters and gatherers have traditionally lived in abundant environments where looking for food is similar to looking for something to eat in a refrigerator (Turnbull, 1984, pp. 96–108). Their days can be spent on leisurely activities, and when food is required, they simply go and get it. ; 2-s2.0-85088469138