Suchergebnisse

Michèle Riot-Sarcey, à l'aide du Livre des Passages , esquisse une grille de lecture discontinue du xix e siècle. Cheminant dans trois chapitres de l'ouvrage de Benjamin – Saint-Simon, chemins de fer , Fourier , et le Mouvement social –, nous voyons se dessiner un devenir inachevé du xix e siècle : entre pensées du possible et événements advenus ; entre révolution industrielle et utopie fouriériste, les éclats d'un mouvement ouvrier disparate ressurgissent des décombres de la philosophie du progrès. Des barrières aux barricades ; d'Eugène Buret à Lacenaire ; des Vésuviennes au Crédit mobilier des frères Pereire, tout un bric-à-brac parisien, jusqu'alors enfoui sous les doctrines, forme, en quelque sorte, le mouvement de l'histoire dont on aurait oublié la pluralité du sens.

Between an antic democracy (or, better to say, the Athenian democracy of the 5th and 4th centuries BC) and a modern one, the distance is not only temporal, but also structural. Nicole Loraux, whose conceptual invent ivity we know, has brought much to this question. This paper is inspired by her work, especially by Divided city, her "major work". There will be reference to contemporary philosophers : Cornélius Castoriadis, Hannah Arendt, Michel Foucault who all have thought over the bond between ancient and modern democracy. To reconsider this bond, abolished by Christianity among others, but found again by simple homonymy, it appeared necessary to look for the historicity of the foundering concepts : liberty and equality. We have done this by submitting them to the events which meanings have given sense to our modernity : 1848, 1871. Between "forgetting" and "amnesia", we find a whole erasing system which allowed the discrete sliding from an ideal democracy to a concrete one, designed as a social order keeper.

How does one describe history through discontinuities ? While this notion signifies neither rupture, nor fault, discontinuities do, however, introduce a dysfunction in the order of existence. By studying these movements, the power relationships legibly and accessibly appear to the historian. It is possible to find forgotten significance and understanding otherwise lost by doing linear studies of history, which has dominated and was always privileged to that discourse. Working on discontinuities allows one to demonstrate the inverse relationship typical to historical analyses and central to the reflection of the movements in history that is detrimental to a teleological view coming from the past.