Les méthodes d'analyse de modèles économiques étudiées et développées dans cet essai relèvent de l'économie qualitative. Elles visent une meilleure évaluation des hypothèses constituantes d'un modèle et de leurs implications. Plus spécifiquement, l'essentiel du travail porte sur l'analyse des hypothèses de forme, dites purement qualitatives, que traduit le signe des dérivées partielles des relations du modèle.
This open access book provides innovative methods and original applications of sequence analysis (SA) and related methods for analysing longitudinal data describing life trajectories such as professional careers, family paths, the succession of health statuses, or the time use. The applications as well as the methodological contributions proposed in this book pay special attention to the combined use of SA and other methods for longitudinal data such as event history analysis, Markov modelling, and sequence network. The methodological contributions in this book include among others original propositions for measuring the precarity of work trajectories, Markov-based methods for clustering sequences, fuzzy and monothetic clustering of sequences, network-based SA, joint use of SA and hidden Markov models, and of SA and survival models. The applications cover the comparison of gendered occupational trajectories in Germany, the study of the changes in women market participation in Denmark, the study of typical day of dual-earner couples in Italy, of mobility patterns in Togo, of internet addiction in Switzerland, and of the quality of employment career after a first unemployment spell. As such this book provides a wealth of information for social scientists interested in quantitative life course analysis, and all those working in sociology, demography, economics, health, psychology, social policy, and statistics. ; Provides new perspectives and methods for sequence analysis Focusses on the link between sequence analysis and other methods for longitudinal data, especially event history analysis and Markov models Stresses the complementarity of sequence analysis and other models for longitudinal data Applications of sequence analysis in a whole range of different domains
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of parental leave use and long-term employment trajectories of parents in Luxembourg based on anonymous administrative records. This is the first systematic analysis of parental leave take-up rates and return rates for Luxembourg using a large and reliable data set.
Design/methodology/approach The authors use highly detailed administrative data to calculate take-up and return rates for parental leave for both men and women working in Luxembourg. To gain deeper insights into the employment trajectories of parents, the authors deploy the visualisation tools of the TraMineR package, which allow the authors to trace developments over time.
Findings The authors estimate take-up rates for parental leave at 72 per cent for mothers and 13 per cent for fathers. The return rates for mothers are 88.4, 99.4 and 70.8 per cent depending on whether they took full-time, part-time or no parental leave. In contrast, over 95 per cent of fathers remain employed following parental leave. The trajectory analysis reveals that the event of birth is a clear turning point for the majority of the female trajectories, but not for the male ones.
Originality/value The paper contributes to the literature in at least several ways. First, this is the first available paper presenting the situation in Luxembourg using a large and reliable data set. Second, by including fathers in the analysis, the authors contribute to the available knowledge of male use of parental leave, which has been the subject of continued policy efforts in the past decades. Finally, the authors show how parental leave can be analysed using sequence analysis tools and how this method offers additional, holistic insights into work-family patterns over time.
Volet quantitatif de l'évaluation de la politique de réinsertion professionnelle des chômeurs en fin de droits. Mandat confié à l'Institut d'études démographiques et du parcours de vie par la Cour des comptes de la République et canton de Genève
Cet ouvrage se propose d'ausculter les pratiques, les négociations et les théories qui jalonnent la transformation des sociétés occidentales en sociétés pluralistes dans le cours du XIXe siècle. Pluralistes, plutôt que plurielles dans le sens où elles ne font pas que juxtaposer des communautés religieuses autonomes les unes des autres mais cherchent, dans le cadre des Etats-nations, à penser la diversité des appartenances religieuses au sein d'une même communauté politique, d'une même identité patriote. Genève, l'ancienne citadelle calviniste, offre un espace d'expérimentation privilégié aux hommes et aux femmes du XIXe siècle. Mixte religieusement dès son incorporation à la France révolutionnaire, le canton suisse ne cessera plus, tout au long du siècle, de gérer cette nouvelle donne. Son modèle vaut pour toute réflexion contemporaine à ce propos.
'Der Beitrag untersucht eine Datenbank, die aus sechs Volkszählungen, durchgeführt in Genf zwischen 1816 und 1843, erstellt wurde. Die Verfasser betrachten Kohabitationsstrukturen aus einer Geschwisterperspektive. Zuerst wird gezeigt, bis zu welchem Ausmaß Querschnittsdaten über Muster von Lebensweisen informieren können. Zweitens untersuchen die Verfasser die Übergänge von einem Geschwisterstatus zum nächsten innerhalb von sechs Jahren und die Auswirkungen von verschiedenen demographischen, familiären und sozialen Variablen bei Übergangswahrscheinlichkeiten. Ergebnisse zeigen, wie das Leben von Geschwistern von den Interaktionen zwischen einem (neo-)malthusischem demographischem Regime und einem nuklearem Verhalten ebenso eingerahmt wurde wie von der Koexistenz zweier Systeme, das Zuhause zu verlassen: das sozial differierende System von Geschwistern, die in urbanen Familien aufwuchsen und von solchen Kindern aus ländlichen Familien, die während ihres Lebenszyklus durch Genf kamen.' (Autorenreferat)
Multidomain/multichannel sequence analysis has become widely used in social science research to uncover the underlying relationships between two or more observed trajectories in parallel. For example, life-course researchers use multidomain sequence analysis to study the parallel unfolding of multiple life-course domains. In this article, the authors conduct a critical review of the approaches most used in multidomain sequence analysis. The parallel unfolding of trajectories in multiple domains is typically analyzed by building a joint multidomain typology and by examining how domain-specific sequence patterns combine with one another within the multidomain groups. The authors identify four strategies to construct the joint multidomain typology: proceeding independently of domain costs and distances between domain sequences, deriving multidomain costs from domain costs, deriving distances between multidomain sequences from within-domain distances, and combining typologies constructed for each domain. The second and third strategies are prevalent in the literature and typically proceed additively. The authors show that these additive procedures assume between-domain independence, and they make explicit the constraints these procedures impose on between-multidomain costs and distances. Regarding the fourth strategy, the authors propose a merging algorithm to avoid scarce combined types. As regards the first strategy, the authors demonstrate, with a real example based on data from the Swiss Household Panel, that using edit distances with data-driven costs at the multidomain level (i.e., independent of domain costs) remains easily manageable with more than 200 different multidomain combined states. In addition, the authors introduce strategies to enhance visualization by types and domains.
This chapter proposes a novel sequential mixed-method design that brings together the strengths of sequence analysis (SA) and qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). Both methods rely on an epistemological framework that combines analytical and holistic elements: they share the notion of analytically approaching social phenomena without disregarding their complexity. We apply SA as a first step to analyze the unfolding of phenomena over time. Specifically, through discrepancy analysis of state sequences, one can identify the time points when trajectories (start to) diverge from each other. In a second, explanatory step, QCA is applied to investigate whether, at such crucial time points, some particular configurations of factors are logically sufficient for the occurrence of a given state (or outcome). We provide an illustrative application to women's employment trajectories in divided Germany by using data from the Adults Cohort of the German National Educational Panel (NEPS). By preserving the analytical and holistic perspective on trajectories, our proposed design highlights the dynamic of socio-demographic factors sufficient for women to be in employment or education at critical turning points over the life course. This design takes on the challenge, summarized in Abbott's call for a 'processual sociology', to investigate both the dynamics of social phenomena as lineages of successive events and the complexity of contextual characteristics of 'present' moments. We conclude with an overview of research fields where our framework holds the promise of being applied fruitfully, namely life-course research, social stratification studies, policy evaluation, and comparative politics.
Analysis of data from a questionnaire survey of 2,000 young Malians undertaken by the authors in 2002 demonstrates that, even in underprivileged urban and rural populations, changes in sexual behavior are emerging. Among women, first sex and motherhood are taking place slightly later, and a minority is now dissociating sexuality and procreation. Our data confirm the considerable impact of female education on this transition. Girls' sexual activity before procreation is also influenced by lower religiosity. Among men, in contrast, in a traditional context of late sexual debut and fatherhood, the trend is toward earlier sexual activity and procreation. Fatherhood is delayed, however, among better‐educated, wealthier, and less religious urban men, who therefore experience a longer period of sexual activity before they begin to build their own families. The study concludes with an analysis of the possible association of the sexual transition with young people's increased vulnerability resulting from their adoption of risky sexual behaviors and from unfavorable conditions surrounding the arrival of their first child.
