Suchergebnisse

El artículo traza un paralelismo entre dos cuerpos de investigación aparentemente desconectados: la literatura reciente sobre instituciones políticas y desempeño macroeconómico, y la nueva sociología del conocimiento científico. El punto de conexión está dado por una noción de "racionalidad limitada" de entidades complejas en la que juegan un rol central las instituciones que median la interacción entre sus miembros. Se esbozan algunas hipótesis sobre los mecanismos que explican la que regímenes más democráticos exhiban una menor volatilidad macroeconómica en el largo plazo, y se las ilustra con la experiencia comparada de Argentina y Uruguay. Se introduce la noción de grados de "inteligencia de la democracia" y se procura su traducción al funcionamiento y desempeños de las comunidades científicas. Implicaciones normativas y agendas de investigación emergentes son sintetizadas.

El artículo traza un paralelismo entre dos cuerpos de investigación aparentemente desconectados: la literatura reciente sobre instituciones políticas y desempeño macroeconómico, y la nueva sociología del conocimiento científico. El punto de conexión está dado por una noción de "racionalidad limitada" de entidades complejas en la que juegan un rol central las instituciones que median la interacción entre sus miembros. Se esbozan algunas hipótesis sobre los mecanismos que explican la que regímenes más democráticos exhiban una menor volatilidad macroeconómica en el largo plazo, y se las ilustra con la experiencia comparada de Argentina y Uruguay. Se introduce la noción de grados de "inteligencia de la democracia" y se procura su traducción al funcionamiento y desempeños de las comunidades científicas. Implicaciones normativas y agendas de investigación emergentes son sintetizadas.

Throughout the world, stable regional patterns relating to private savings are hard to access. This article revisits the hypothesis that, as there is evidence of emulation patterns between consumers, there might be international (macroeconomic) "emulation". We test demonstration effect theories exploiting international data on savings, incomes, and means of global exposure. We use two methods of media communication given that their penetration peaked at different times in the sample period: TV and internet were a means of discovering foreign consumption standards. With the resulting country panels, we find some evidence in favour of a statistically significant negative association for the demonstration effect.

The PPC for PDPs implemented in Uruguay in recent years have provided fertile ground for research. Many have achieved results that can be analyzed within the scope of their respective histories and institutional settings. The study inquires about what PPCs maximize the benefits of PDP results and minimizes rent-seeking behavior or the capture of government. In other words, it wants to disentangle how did the PPCs selected balanced these two apparently conflicting goals. The results show that some PPCs managed these matters better than others did. A history of private-public collaboration at the sectoral level was a key factor in understanding the different results. The imposition of foreign regulations to export-intensive sectors is another factor that reduces the imbalance. Additionally, the PPCs' degree of sophistication and the lower risk of one-sidedness depend on the capacities of public and private actors. Finally, the study found that the PPC design that most likely has better results has to be consistent with the kind of good, that is, the public, club, or private good, the PDP is providing.

Investment promotion through tax incentives has been a key component of the growth
strategies pursued in Uruguay by the last three administrations. A new regime was
established, regulated by Executive Decree 455, which implemented a major overhaul in
the main channel for subsidizing investment. This regime immediately generated a battery
of researchable questions about its effectiveness and efficiency. Using a large data
set, first put together for this study from firm-level administrative records kept by
the tax collection and pensions institutes between 2005 and 2011, we test the hypotheses
of significant and positive effects of obtaining a tax credit through the new regime on
investment and employment outcomes. A matched difference-in-differences strategy
confirms that the promotion regime introduced in 2008 had a statistically significant
effect on the firms' rate of investment (around 11 percent), while the effects on
employment growth rate were more ambiguous. These findings are buttressed by several
robustness tests. Further probing uncovers heterogeneity along the promotion timeline,
with the greatest effect on the investment rate occurring in a project's first
year. JEL Codes: H25, D04, H32