Suchergebnisse

This article analyses the characteristics of the Spanish Navy's Health Care System by dividing them in two well differentiated time periods: on the one hand, the 16th and 17th centuries; and on the other, the beginning of the 18th century, following the establishment of the Bourbon dynasty. The medical attendance of the crews, the therapeutic resources, and the functioning of general and ship hospitals, on the occasion of certain military journeys, are some examples of the many aspects studied for each period. It is worth highlighting the foundation of the Royal College of Naval Surgeons of Cádiz (Real Colegio de Cirugía de la Armada en Cádiz) and its consequences, although the reforms undertaken were of a rather ephemeral nature. Finally, the emphasis is put on the need to consider every health care model according to the specific circumstances of each time period.

This article presents the educational experience through a working group that creates links between university, school and training centers, as well as resources to fulfill research and further training needsin these scenarios. The working group was developed in a school in the province of Lugo (Spain), which had a Ministry of Culture, Education and University Planning grant, under the Annual Plan of Teacher Training of the Autonomous Community of Galicia, and it involves deepen into how teaching practice, learning environment and educational theoretical framework affect the learning to learn in students of Early Childhood Education (3 to 6 years). The working group is, in turn, a lifelong learnin strategy that allows, through recreation, dynamics and games, establishing a bridge between university and non-university training, to better understand how this competence is worked. Legislative and institutional framework, learning environment, and teaching practice are analyzed in the development of the working group that is addressed in the following pages. ; Este artículo presenta la experiencia docente a través de un grupo de trabajo que permite crear lazos entre la universidad, la escuela y los centros de formación, así como recursos para dar respuesta a las necesidades de investigación y formación continua en dichos escenarios. El grupo de trabajo se desarrollo en un centro educativo de la provincia de Lugo (España) que contó con la subvención de la Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Ordenación Universitaria, al amparo del Plan Anual de Formación del Profesorado de la Comunidad Autónoma de Galicia y supone adentrarse en cómo la práctica docente, el ambiente de aprendizaje y el entramado teórico educativo inciden en el aprender a aprender en el alumnado de educación infantil (de 3 a 6 años). El grupo constituye, a su vez, una estrategia de formación continua que permite, a través de la recreación, de dinámicas y de juegos, establecer un puente entre la formación universitaria y la no universitaria para conocer mejor cómo se trabaja la competencia citada. El marco legislativo e institucional, el ambiente de aprendizaje y la práctica docente son objeto de análisis en el desarrollo del grupo de trabajo que abordamos en las siguientes páginas.

Introducción: La Rehabilitación Basada en la Comunidad (RBC) representa un nuevo ámbito de trabajo para fonoaudiólogos(as) en Chile. En la región de Valparaíso co-existen organizaciones no gubernamentales (ONG) y otras instituciones donde la RBC constituye un marco de acción para el quehacer profesional. A la fecha y desde la fonoaudiología, no se ha descrito el manejo teórico-práctico de los profesionales que se desempeñan en este ámbito. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir el conocimiento que poseen los fonoaudiólogos respecto a la estrategia RBC y cómo estos saberes se ajustan a su práctica profesional. Método: estudio convergente paralelo a partir de un estudio observacional-descriptivo, de corte transversal, complementado con un diagnóstico participativo. Resultados: un 22% de los informantes comunica que las instituciones donde trabajan adscriben a la RBC, el 78% cuenta con contratos inferiores a 12 horas semanales y 83% considera que su jornada no le permite realizar acciones atingentes a la estrategia. Un 50% define de forma adecuada la RBC y el 88% acierta al identificar los pilares de la misma. Un 75% de los consultados refiere el ser agente de salud como eje central de su labor y un 25% comunica que sus responsabilidades han de centrarse en la ejecución de talleres comunitarios. Los profesionales observan a la comunidad como un otro al cual asisten sanitariamente y declaran la necesidad de transitar hacia un paradigma donde domine la promoción y la prevención. Conclusiones: El conocimiento de la RBC por parte de fonoaudiólogos participantes del estudio, es aún intuitivo no existiendo coherencia entre los saberes teóricos y prácticos declarados. Es necesario fortalecer la formación a nivel de pre y posgrado, con objeto de alinear la práctica fonoaudiológica con las recomendaciones internacionales de la RBC.

Patellid limpets are ecologically important keystone grazers having a long history of overexploitation in the Macaronesian Archipelagos (NE Atlantic islands), where some species, such as Patella aspera, are under serious risk.[1, 2] Patella aspera is a protandric sequential hermaphrodite species with external fertilization, in which individuals start off as males but may undergo a sex reversal with age.[3] Hence, exploitation tends to focus on the larger females in the population as larger limpets (predominantly females) are selectively removed. Despite conservation legislation in Canaries, Madeira and Azores, limpets are under severe pressure and few individuals survive long enough to become females, a phenomenon that severely restricts the effective population size.[4] New conservation actions for the protection and sustainable use of limpets in Macaronesian Archipelagos are urgently needed and should be based on a multidisciplinary framework based on knowledge of the population dynamics and connectivity of this species.

Este artículo contiene 18 páginas, 4 tablas, 5 figuras. ; Insights into the year-round movements and behaviour of seabirds are essential to better understand their ecology and to evaluate possible threats at sea. The Atlantic petrel Pterodroma incerta is an Endangered gadfly petrel endemic to the South Atlantic Ocean, with virtually the entire population breeding on Gough Island (Tristan da Cunha archipelago). We describe adult phenology, habitat preferences and at-sea activity patterns for each phenological phase of the annual cycle and refine current knowledge about its distribution, by using light-level geolocators on 13 adults over 1−3 consecutive years. We also ascertained moulting pattern through stable isotope analysis (SIA) of nitrogen and carbon in feathers from 8 carcasses. On average, adults started their post-breeding migration on 25 December, taking 10 d to reach their non-breeding areas on the South American shelf slope. The pre-breeding migration started around 11 April and took 5 d. From phenological data, we found evidence of carry-over effects between successive breeding periods. The year-round distribution generally coincided with the potential distribution obtained from habitat modelling, except during the non-breeding and pre-laying exodus periods, when birds only used the western areas of the South Atlantic. Moulting occurred during the nonbreeding period, when birds spent more time on the water, and results from SIA helped us to distinguish feathers grown around Gough Island from those grown in the non-breeding area. Overall, our results bring important new insights into the spatial ecology of this Endangered seabird, which should help improve conservation strategies in the South Atlantic Ocean. ; The Ministerio de educación y Ciencia and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación from the Spanish Government (Projects CGL2006- 01315/BOS, CGL201342585-P, CGL2009-11278/BOS) financially supported this study. Logistical support and financial funding during field work was provided by the South African Department of Environmental Affairs and the National Research Foundation, through the South African National Antarctic Programme, with additional support from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds. R.R., Z.Z. and J.M.R.G. were supported by Spanish MINECO (Juan de la Cierva postdoctoral programme, JCI-2012-11848), Universitat de Barcelona (UB, APIF/2012) and Spanish MECD (FPU, AP2009-2163), respectively. ; Peer reviewed

To access publisher's full text version of this article, please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field or click on the hyperlink at the top of the page marked Files. This article is open access. ; Protein-truncating variants protective against human disease provide in vivo validation of therapeutic targets. Here we used targeted sequencing to conduct a search for protein-truncating variants conferring protection against inflammatory bowel disease exploiting knowledge of common variants associated with the same disease. Through replication genotyping and imputation we found that a predicted protein-truncating variant (rs36095412, p.R179X, genotyped in 11,148 ulcerative colitis patients and 295,446 controls, MAF=up to 0.78%) in RNF186, a single-exon ring finger E3 ligase with strong colonic expression, protects against ulcerative colitis (overall P=6.89 × 10(-7), odds ratio=0.30). We further demonstrate that the truncated protein exhibits reduced expression and altered subcellular localization, suggesting the protective mechanism may reside in the loss of an interaction or function via mislocalization and/or loss of an essential transmembrane domain. ; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease (NIDDK) DK064869 DK062432 National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) DK064869 DK043351 HG005923 Crohns and Colitis Foundation 3765 Leona M. & Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust 2015PG-IBD001 Amgen 2013583217 CCFA 3765 Cedars-Sinai F. Widjaja Foundation, info:eu-repo/grantAgreement/EC/FP7/305479, European Union DK062413 AI067068 U54DE023789-01 Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust Crohn's and Colitis Foundation of America NIH DK062431 U01 DK062429 U01 DK062422 R01 DK092235 U01 DK062420 Medical Research Council, UK MR/J00314X/1 Wellcome Trust WT091310 098051 Inflammatory Bowel Disease Genetic Research Chair at the University of Pittsburgh PO1DK046763