Suchergebnisse

En este artículo analizamos la evolución de la tasa de homicidios en Magallanes desde la década de 1880 hasta 1910, a través de los registros de causas de muerte. El periodo que abarca esta investigación comprende el proceso de colonización y la introducción de instituciones del Estado de Chile en el territorio. Hoy en día, es ampliamente aceptado que las tasas de homicidio corresponden a un buen indicador de bienestar. Nuestros resultados demuestran que durante el periodo estudiado la tasa de homicidios de Magallanes supera ampliamente la tasa a nivel nacional, así como un aumento en la tasa de homicidios en los entornos rurales, a pesar de la convergencia en términos globales.

AbstractThis article deals with the demographic consequences of the end of Chile's nitrate boom following the 1929 crisis. The traditional economic historiography has maintained that this crisis impacted heavily on nitrate production, and that in turn the crisis triggered a permanent exodus from the nitrate districts to other geographical zones. Contrary to this widely held belief, we have shown in this article that: there was no substantial fall in production; there was indeed a fall in nitrate population, but this was limited; this took place in some nitrate areas only; overall, the decline in nitrate population was a short term phenomenon only. The population making a living from nitrate production (or activities directly related to it) did not emigrate in as large numbers as previously thought, since production remained high up to the 1960s.

AbstractWe analyze the evolution of homicide rates in Chile, as a proxy of interpersonal violence, from the 1880s to the 2010s. Homicides rates are the best measure of a country's personal security, and a key variable of well-being. We found that the homicides rates were high during the late nineteenth century and the early decades of the twentieth century. From the 1930s homicide rates started to decline initially gradually, but then sharply during the 1950s–1960s. During the 1960s–1990s, the country's homicide rates were low by international standards. However, they have increased during the last two decades. Our regression suggests that increased social spending in the past is associated with reduced homicides in the present, that past and concurrent economic growth also correlates with a reduction in the rate of homicides, and that increased police presence is correlated with a reduction in the rate of homicides. The 1930s–1960s are a key period in the evolution of interpersonal violence. It coincides with the emergence of a welfare state (and increasing social expenditure), declining poverty rates, improvements in health and education, and an increase in suffrage.

La desocupación de la fuerza de trabajo en el Gran Santiago ha sufrido variaciones notorias durante el siglo XX, sin embargo, queda mucho por explicar acerca de sus causas. Este trabajo se propone analizar los efectos que ha tenido el cambio demográfico sobre la desocupación de la fuerza de trabajo entre 1957 y 2006 desde una perspectiva de cohorte. Con ese objetivo se aplicó el modelo de Edad-Periodo-Cohorte de Estimador Intrínseco, desarrollado por Fu (2000) y Yang et al. (2004; 2008). Los resultados indican que no solo la edad del trabajador o el periodo espe- cífico influyen para explicar las tasas de desocupación en el Gran Santiago, sino que también el factor tamaño de la cohorte es importante, hecho que ha sido poco explorado.