Suchergebnisse

The construction industry is an important section of the economy and is generally considered as a driver of economic growth in many countries. It also provides opportunities for employment for diverse sections of society. Regardless of its importance, construction industry is considered as hazardous with frequent accidents to workers. Nevertheless, knowledge and awareness on how health, safety and environmental issues are managed on Pakistani construction sites is limited. This paper therefore, intents to look at the current practices of Health, safety and environmental risk assessment, management communication and control in Pakistani context. In pursuing this objective, multiple strategies (Pilot interviews, Questionnaire survey and Case study) were used whereby six pilot interviews were conducted with senior management staff of five construction companies, about 100 questionnaires was distributed (15 site managers, 5 owners, 8 contractors, 5 sub-contractors and 67 site workers) for questionnaire survey through purposive sampling to determine the health, safety and environmental measures currently applied on construction sites and lastly one housing construction site was selected in Lahore city as a case study. The findings from pilot interviews indicated that majority of the respondents have a poor degree of risk awareness and don't seem to take health, safety and environment as a major issue. The results of questionnaires survey show that the majority of causalities are fall from heights, electric shocks, stuck in between the plants, struck by an object or machinery. Similarly there was a lack of HSE management plan, inadequate first aid facilities, lack of personal protective equipments and lack of accident reporting mechanism. The results from case study show that all the responsibility on risk management was with the construction manager. There was no systematic method for risk assessment, but rather hazards were assessed based on individual judgement directed by experience and educational background. In the meantime, hazard information were spread through safety meetings and controlled by Personal protective equipment. ; M-IES

Gurdwara Shiri Guru Singh Sabha is the finest historical and religio-cultural legacy of Sikhs in Hazara Division. Due to the absence of Sikh population, it is not functional for religious activities and remained closed till 1976. Later the building became part of various departments and was eventually converted into a library in 2000 but its old look and architecture have been taken care of. This magnificent three story Gurdwara still amazes the visitors with its architectural beauty. This masterpiece of Sikh architecture still exists with its historical, religious and cultural values. The current study is an attempt to elaborate all those historical aspects associated with Gurdwara which are still hidden from the limelight. The study also seeks to highlight the religious significance of the Gurdwara for the Sikh community of Pakistan and abroad. The research has mainly been conducted through primary and secondary sources including historical evidences, interviews, journals and books etc with an aim to highlight the scope of religious tourism in the Hazara Region. The decision of the ETBP to resume Sikh rituals and worship here is really a matter of happiness for the Sikh community. This decision will further promote peace in the times to come. Gurdwara is a testament to the fact that the religious places of minorities in Pakistan are not only safe but as intact as possible.

Intention to switch from one service provider to another, leads to switching behaviour, which results in the decrease of profits of the company. Switching behaviour helps in creating relationship between consumer and producer. In this research we study and investigate the effect of switching behaviour, customer satisfaction, habit, and utilitarian values on customer loyalty. The customer satisfaction, habit and utilitarian value were determined to be input variables, switching behaviour were determined to be intervening variables; and customer loyalty was determined to be the output variable. The model was designed to explain the factors affecting the customer loyalty. Our study based on a self-administered survey that was conducted in Bahawalpur setting. Data were collected from the randomly selected 150 Pepsi product consumers. Our study results provide a better understanding about the role played by each factor in the development customer loyalty and highlights the key role played by affective factors.

Purpose: The objective of this study is to examine the impact of investor confidence, corporate governance and stock liquidity on dividend policy of firms listed on Pakistan stock exchanges from 2010-2015. The liquidity constraint enabled a superior association with the interests of the controlling shareholders, particularly outside investors, which make a significant enhancement in firms' liquidity and governance. Findings: Our results indicate that dividends have a less significant impact on investor confidence after the corporate governance. Practical Implication: Our interpretation is that the improvement in corporate governance, especially the improvement in the alignment between growth opportunities and cash dividends, may take longer time to emerge. These findings provide strong evidence that shift in corporate governance and stock liquidity influence dividend policy of a firm in a substantial manner. Another implication is that stock liquidity matters in firms' dividend decision-making; the liquidity deficiency is compensated by large cash dividends.

This study examines the relationship between independent variables Effective Training Programs, Job Satisfaction and Reward Management system on dependent variable Employee Motivation with the Intervening role of Employee Commitment. Employees of the four Organizations Universities, Colleges, Schools and Banks were taken as sample of the study. Self-designed questionnaire used for collection of data. 150 questionnaires were distributed among the above mentioned organizations and 150 were returned, so the response rate was 100%. The data was analyzed through multiple regression technique. Significance level of the testing was 0.01 and 0.05. The result concludes that there is a significant positive relationship between effective training program, job satisfaction, reward management system and Employee motivation with the intervening role of employee commitment.

This article discusses federalism and deferent theories related to it. Federalism as a theory, as a concept and as an organizational structure refers to the distribution of powers between the two levels of the government. It stands for unity, cooperation, and interdependence between the central government and the component units. Being dynamic in nature, it adopts changes according to the prevailing conditions of the country. An attempt has been made to elucidate federalism from two broad perspectives of the classical approach and Modern approach. The classical approach restricts federalism to cooperation and independence with quasi federalism, coupled with the element of encroachment from the federal government. This approach is merely based upon the doctrine of legal formalism or formalism fallacy. The modern approach focuses on two cardinal principles of cooperation and interdependence. The modern theory is a broad term and encompasses many forms of federalism within its ambit.

Realism is an important theory in International Relations that shapes the politics of the world. The main purpose of realism is to maximize gains and minimize losses. It is a common phenomenon that insecurity the balance of power never remains constant since self-help leads to a condition known as the security dilemma. Realists look at the states from two angles; states either a unitary actor or a hard shell of the black box. Most of the realists view human nature as a cause of war and conflict. They also see the state as negative with self-seeking interests and aggressiveness. Security is the key factor in international politics and is always based upon the power struggle among the nations. Anarchy and hierarchy are the two cardinal principles of realism. The former refers to the structure with no superior authority to dictate the inter-state relations while the latter describes the relations in terms of super-ordination and subordination. The prisoners dilemma provides a different choice for the solution of maximizing gains.

Khilafat Movement provided an opportunity to the Ulema of sub-continent to take part in active politics, however, Anjuman-i-Khuddam-i-Kaaba which was the first ever organized confrontation with the British raj. It eventually resulted in the formation of Jamiat Ulema-i-Hind (JUH). Although Majlis-iAhrar-i-Islam, emerged as an effective instrument of Deobandi activism yet it denounced the creation of an independent Muslim state. Majority of Ulema believed that with the demise of British regime in India, the Muslims being a strong minority, could not be impoverished, therefore, JUH worked closely with the Congress. Interestingly, the history of the Ulema has been one of their perpetual conflicts with intelligentsia and the creation of Pakistan by the moderate leadership was a great setback for the "nationalist" Ulema. However, they failed to create a political constituency and continued to tag along with the Muslim League. Yet, JUI time and again denounced socialism and advocated the Islamic system for Pakistan. After 1970 Elections, both NAP and JUI emerged as majority parties in NWFP and Baluchistan. During the study, it will be analyzed that how JUI, a conservative Islamic party could form an alliance with NAP that had won the elections on the basis of secular ideas.

AbstractThe current study inspects the relationship among ethical leadership, organizational culture and job satisfaction with the mediating role of an organizational commitment in private educational sector of Islamabad, Pakistan. For this study data is collected through a survey of 210 employees of the education sector of Pakistan in October, 2016. The data is analyzed using SPSS 20.0 software through different statistical tests. The findings established the positive relationships among organizational culture, ethical leadership and job satisfaction with the mediating role of an organizational commitment. It is also observed that ethical leadership and organizational culture increases the job performance. The findings of the current study propose teachers and managers to encourage ethical leadership and create a positive culture to enhance organizational commitment and job satisfaction.

It is found throughout the literature that culture is an important influence on consumer behaviour. Those people who migrate to another country belong to a different class of consumers, who is influenced by home or host culture simultaneously. This study is aimed to explore the influence of acculturation on the brand choice of the South Asian immigrants in the UK. This study used a quantitative methodology to test a proposed model, developed with the help of past studies. A survey instrument was developed to collect data from the South Asian immigrant population living in the UK. Structural equation modelling was used to test the hypotheses. The study found that various personal factors like length of stay in the UK and income positively influence the acculturation, while acculturation decreasing with the increasing age among the South Asians in the UK.This study provides an insight about looking beyond the demographic variables while developing strategies to attract the market segments. The brand marketing management in the UK and other western countries while attracting the diaspora should understand the level of acculturation of their target market. The retailers may also consider the consumer cultural profile while deciding their product mix.

Although technology evolves over the year, people take it longer to accept it. The invention of touch screen mobiles or smart phones has now become a need of the hour, simultaneously lowering the demand for keypad mobiles. Our research investigates these switching intentions among people due to the adoption of the new technology. Customer defection is happens when people give up one service provider for another in order to get equipped with the latest gadgets. Survey research method was employed. Questionnaires were distributed among cellular phone users in Bahawalpur. Valid questionnaires (n=170) were filled and returned. Regression analysis was used to analyze the data. PEOU and PU are directly related which has a positive relationship with switching intentions. Also, switching costs and customer loyalty are positively associated. Overall, this research explains that perceived usefulness play a major role in determining customer's switching intentions and that the companies should increase their switching costs to enhance customer loyalty.