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Within the most recent discussion on smart cities and the way this vision is affecting urban changes and dynamics, this book explores the interplay between planning and design both at the level of the design and planning domains' theories and practices. Urban transformation is widely recognized as a complex phenomenon, rich in uncertainty. It is the unpredictable consequence of complex interplay between urban forces (both top-down or bottom-up), urban resources (spatial, social, economic and infrastructural as well as political or cognitive) and transformation opportunities (endogenous or exogenous). The recent attention to Urban Living Lab and Smart City initiatives is disclosing a promising bridge between the micro-scale environments, with the dynamics of such forces and resources, and the urban governance mechanisms. This bridge is represented by those urban collaborative environments, where processes of smart service co-design take place through dialogic interaction with and among citizens within a situated and cultural-specific frame.

Social Innovation and co-design for climate neutrality: The NetZeroCities project -- Impact Logic: Social Innovation Categories for Cities' Action Plans -- Indicators of Social Innovation for Cities' Action Plans Evaluation -- Applying the Indicators in Cities.

This open access book presents a catalogue of over one thousand indicators which can be used by cities' public administrators to monitor and evaluate social innovation action plans to support people-centred, collaborative or co-designed solutions to lower carbon emissions. Indicators are clustered according to a framework of social innovation solutions for climate neutrality at city level, developed by merging top-down academic knowledge with bottom-up pragmatic case studies. There is currently limited guidance on how to embed social innovations in their cities' action plans with the aim of reaching climate neutrality, and on how to assess the progress and impacts of such people-centred projects in cities. The book addresses this gap and is thus relevant for scholars in the field of policy-making and design, as well as cities' transition teams, policymakers and consultants. Based on the work developed within the EU-funded project NetZeroCities, intervention logics are provided for each of the ten categories of action, with related indicators clustered by category and evaluation criteria (effectiveness, efficiency, relevance, replicability, and scalability). Guidelines to implement the framework support city administrators in defining steps they need to follow to apply the indicators to their local case, making social innovation a crucial lever for accelerating systemic transformation.

The governance of emerging science and innovation has been conceptualised as a major challenge for contemporary democracies. Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) emerged to tackle this issue by placing an emphasis on broad public engagement in the field of policy design based on the early involvement of multiple actors - citizens, civil society, researchers, industry, public sector and policy makers. Nevertheless, such early engagement is facing many challenges and it rarely goes beyond the stage of consultation (Grimpe, Patel, Wilford, Niemelä & Ikonen, 2013; Delgado, Lein Kjølber & Wickson, 2010; Chilvers, 2008). The SISCODE project, funded under H2020, identifies the application of co-design approach to overcome this challenge. This paper documents the experimentation conducted in one of the SISCODE living pilot in Krakow to support a public engagement action between policy makers, citizens and stakeholders. Addressing the acute issue of air pollution in Krakow led to a strategy of ecosystem activation applying co-design involving a variety of actors with a twofold objective: co-designing a policy as a prototype and experimenting with it through a process of development of tangible solutions.

Urban transformation is widely recognized as a complex phenomenon, rich in uncertainty. It is the unpredictable consequence of complex interplay between urban forces (both top-down or bottom-up), urban resources (spatial, social, economic and infrastructural as well as political or cognitive) and transformation opportunities (endogenous or exogenous). The recent attention to Urban Living Lab and Human Smart City initiatives is disclosing a promising bridge between the micro-scale environments and dynamics of such forces and resources and the urban governance mechanisms. This bridge is represented by those urban collaborative ecosystems, where processes of smart service co-design take place through dialogic interaction with and among citizens within a situated and cultural-specific frame. As a response to new emerging needs and ways of generating value, during the last decades the design discipline - traditionally bound to the development of tangible artefacts - has expanded its focus on intangible artefacts such as signs, interactions, processes, and services. In this framework design is orienting its theories and practices towards a different object, putting people at the centre of the smartness of cities by recognizing the need of developing sustainable, micro and contextualized solutions that could eventfully be scaled up to achieve larger social impacts (Murray, Caulier-Grice and Mulgan, 2010). The Human Smart City paradigm (Concilio, Deserti and Rizzo, 2014) relies on the capability of the cities to realize and scale up services more sustainable because collaborative in nature based on anthropocentric networks that support the emergence of new typologies of partnerships of actors interested to solve some unmet societal problem. The paper presents this vision by discussing the results of a long-term experimentation conducted in the city of Milano under the framework of the My Neighbourhood European project.