Suchergebnisse

As part of a project investigating requirements for managing and preserving geospatial data and related electronic records, interviews were conducted with 31 professionals responsible for managing geospatial data for their organizations. The interviews revealed a range of concerns regarding the management and distribution of geospatial data. Key issues include establishing and maintaining formal agreements, managing intellectual property rights and restrictions associated with the data, protecting sensitive information and the confidentiality of locations revealed by the data, and shielding the organization from potential liabilities resulting from data distribution and use. Many organizations have found innovative ways to address specific issues, but none of those surveyed has fully addressed all of these challenges. Issues identified by the interviews have contributed to the development of a guide for practitioners and a data model identifying information elements to be recorded and maintained when managing geospatial data and related electronic records.

For anyone interested in global warming or more generally in climate or weather issues, A Vast Machine by Paul Edwards is well worth a careful read. It provides an unusually broad and long-term view of the development of climate science and associated climate data, models, and information infrastructure, supplemented by useful figures and very detailed notes and references.

This White Paper reviews the background issues for implementing the GEOSS Data Sharing Principles and recommends Implementation Guidelines to ensure the strongest possible framework for data sharing, consistent with both the spirit and the "letter" of the Principles. As recognized by the 10-Year Implementation Plan, "ensuring that such information is available to those who need it is a function of governments and institutions at all levels." It is therefore incumbent on governments and institutions participating in GEOSS to continue to develop and implement appropriate policies and procedures that enable and support the GEOSS Data Sharing Principles in fair and effective ways. The implementation approaches discussed here are intended to facilitate this process.

State failure, ethnopolitical war, genocide, famine, and refugee flows are variants of a type of complex political and humanitarian crisis, exemplified during the 1990s in places like Somalia, Bosnia, Liberia, and Afghanistan. The international consequences of such crises are profound, often threatening regional security and requiring major inputs of humanitarian assistance. They also may pose long-term and costly challenges of rebuilding shattered governments and societies. A vital policy question is whether failures can be diagnosed far enough in advance to facilitate effective international efforts at prevention or peaceful transformation. This volume of original essays examines crisis early warning factors at different levels, in different settings, and judges their effectiveness according to various models. Top contributors offer answers along with analyses as they move from early warning to early response in their policy recommendations.