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"There is much to learn through the international exchange of policy initiatives and program models. "Lessons from abroad," the knowledge about problem-solving programs in other countries, can be an important component of understanding and addressing social problems in the 21st century. In this book, the authors examine models of social welfare in other countries that are informative and possibly useful for policy action and program development in the United States. To encourage the exchange of ideas and strategies for potential adaptation of the social welfare system, every chapter examines a distinct content area, providing an in-depth look at innovative policies and programs, and then reviews implications for the United States. The content is provided by top scholars in the field who share their expertise about approaches for understanding and addressing an array of global challenges through policy and practice examples from developing and developed countries. Several chapters focus on international innovations within a specific field, such as child welfare and aging. Other chapters more broadly examine global issues directly aligned with the values and professional ethics of social work, including climate change and environmental justice, the alleviation of poverty, social security, global migration, and community development. A chapter is also devoted to the international social welfare treaties and conventions that affect social welfare and social work practice internationally. The final chapter provides a thoughtful review of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals and discusses the 2030 Agenda, examining implementation strategies and the contributions of social work. As social problems are increasingly international in scope and impact, their solutions require global attention and local action. This book will inspire social work educators, professionals, and students to promote the idea of learning and sharing internationally to advance the field of social welfare globally"--

Health care providers face fixed reimbursement rates from government sources and need to carefully adjust staffing to achieve the highest quality within a given cost structure. With data from the Certification and Survey Provider Enhanced Reports (1999-2015), this study holistically examined how staffing levels affect two publicly reported measures of quality in the nursing home industry, the number of deficiency citations and the deficiency score. While higher staffing consistently yielded better quality, the largest quality improvements resulted from increasing administrative registered nurses and social service staffing. After adjusting for wages, the most cost-effective investment for improving overall deficiency outcomes was increasing social services. Deficiencies related to quality of care were improved most by increasing administrative nursing and social service staff. Quality of life deficiencies were improved most by increasing social service and activities staff. Approaches to improve quality through staffing adjustments should target specific types of staff to maximize return on investment.

The objective of this study was to research grief and depression in oldest-old people living in urban congregate housing by examining the various types of grief that they experience by using a stress process model for depression among the oldest old. This study used a convenience sample of the 128 participants aged 80 and older living in congregate housing. We found that the two types of grief most significantly associated with depressive symptoms were grieving about relocating, and loss of health. Our findings demonstrate the need to explore a variety of grief which influences mental health among oldest-old.