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ABSTRACTIn prospective interventional research, a treatment may provide an advantage for the recipient over other people who do not receive it. If the intervention proves successful, the treated are better able to compete for such things as a scarce ventilator, a class grade, or a litigation outcome, potentially risking the deaths, jobs, or incomes of nontreated persons. Discussions of ethical concerns related to "bystanders" have typically focused on direct harms (such as infecting them with a virus), rather than the competition for a rivalrous good (such as a ventilator or clinical outcome). After broadly scoping this problem of advantage, this article reveals several reasons that such interventional research is typically permissible, notwithstanding the potential setbacks to nonparticipants. I consider the almost‐dispositive concept of clinical equipoise and then glean insights from the harm principle, status quo bias, the leveling‐down problem, and a potential bias against prospective interventional research versus program interventions with retrospective study. My consideration of institutional relationships does not change the analysis that such research is permissible.

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Robertson, C. (2020). Rethinking Public Relations. Persuasion, Democracy and Society by Kevin Moloney and Conor McGrath. Journal of Public Affairs, 20(3) 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2181, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2181. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving ; A book review of Kevin Moloney and Conor McGrath's book 'Rethinking Public Relations. Persuasion, Democracy and Society.'

This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Robertson, C. (2020). Political Management. The Dance of Government and Politics by Jennifer Lees-Marshment. Journal of Public Affairs, 20(4), 1-2. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2226, which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2226. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Self-Archiving ; A book review of Jennifer Lees-Marshment's book 'Political Management. A Dance of Government and Politics.'

Further Electrical and Electronic Principles is a core text for pre-degree courses in electrical and electronic engineering courses. The coverage of this new edition has been brought in line with the specialist unit 'Further Electrical Principles' of the 2007 BTEC National Engineering specification from Edexcel. As the book follows a logical topic progression rather than a particular syllabus, it is also suitable for other Level 3 students on vocational courses such as Vocational AS/A Level, City & Guilds courses and NVQs. More advanced material has also been included, making this text also sui.