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Deliberative democracy and digital deliberation. The case of QOT
In: IDP: revista d'internet, dret i política, Band 0, Heft 7
ISSN: 1699-8154
Acción colectiva e internet: el surgimiento del movimiento social republicano de Beppe Grillo ; Colective Action and Internet: The Rise of the Republican Social Movement of Beppe Grillo
En este trabajo analizamos dos aspectos fundamentales para el surgimiento de la organización ciudadanaque nace como consecuencia de la acción política del cómico italiano Beppe Grillo. En primer lugar, estudiamoscómo, el líder de esta organización, construye un discurso en base a criterios de justo e injusto, cómose definen a los responsables y cómo, finalmente, se proponen estrategias para dar solución a esa situación.En segundo lugar, estudiaremos las características políticas, fundamentalmente republicanas, de dicho discurso.Con ello pretendemos enmarcarlo dentro de un discurso político más general e interpretarlo de formaque podamos ofrecer una propuesta sobre la naturaleza política y el tipo de movimiento social al que pertenecela organización. El caso de estudio es la organización surgida a raíz del Blog del cómico italiano BeppeGrillo. Se ha realizado un estudio empírico de las opiniones y propuestas realizadas por Grillo a través desu Blog. El método utilizado para este estudio es lo indicado por la teoría del análisis del discurso ideológico(van Dijk, 1997 y 2004). Se ha utilizado el software T-LAB (ver. 5.1, Lancia, 2004) para el análisis delos textos. ; In this work we analyze two fundamental aspects in the rise of the civic organization born from the politicalaction of the Italian comic Beppe Grillo. First, we study how the leader of this organization builds a discoursebased on criteria of justice and injustice, how does he define the responsibilities and, finally, whichstrategies does he propose to resolve this situation. Secondly, we will study the political characteristics,mostly Republicans, of this discourse. Our aim is to frame it within a broader political discourse and to interpretit, so that we can offer a proposal about the political nature and typology of the social movement organizationit belongs to. The case of study is, as said, the organization arises from the Blog of the Italian comicBeppe Grillo. Discourse analysis and, therefore, the basis for political interpretation, results from an empiricalstudy of the opinions and proposals made by Grillo through its Blog. The method used for this study isindicated by the theory of ideological discourse analysis (van Dijk, 1997 and 2004). To do this, we used theT-LAB software (ver. 5.1, Lancia, 2004) for the analysis of texts.
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El reto de la participación. Movimientos sociales y organizaciones: una panorámica comparativa
In: Revista española de investigaciones sociológicas: ReiS, Heft 102, S. 324
ISSN: 1988-5903
Commodification and Digital Political Participation: The "15-M Movement" and the Collectivization of the Internet
In: Palabra Clave, Band 21, Heft 4, S. 992-1022
ISSN: 2027-534X
Commodification and Digital Political Participation: The "15-M Movement" and the Collectivization of the Internet ; La mercantilización y la participación política digital: el "Movimiento 15-M" y la colectivización del Internet ; A mercantilização e a participação política digital: o Movimento 15-M ...
31 páginas ; El objetivo de este artículo es analizar un proceso emergente en la sociedad red: la mercantilización del Internet y la comunicación política. Esta estrategia de capitalismo tecnológico está cada vez más presente en las vidas de los ciudadanos de todo el mundo y representa un nuevo desafío para el pensamiento crítico. En este artículo mostraremos el debate sobre este proceso y señalaremos algunos ejemplos. Sin embargo, a pesar de la existencia de este proceso de mercantilización, la sociedad no está adoptando una actitud pasiva. Por el contrario, existen casos de movimientos sociales, como el español 15-M, que identificó este proceso y diseñó una estrategia para tratar de revertirlo. No obstante, pese a los esfuerzos de este movimiento, muchos de los logros del 15-M contra la mercantilización han perdido su validez. En este trabajo revisamos el estado actual del debate sobre la comercialización de la política y, a través de un estudio cualitativo, mostramos cómo el 15-M definió este proceso y estableció instrumentos para combatirlo. En las conclusiones discutimos este proceso y mostramos su situación actual en España. ; The objective of this article is to analyze an emerging process in the network society: the commodification of the Internet and political communication. This strategy of technological capitalism is becoming increasingly present in the lives of citizens around the world, and it represents a new challenge for critical thinking. In this article we will show the debate around this process and we will point out a few examples. However, despite the existence of this process of commodification, society is not taking a passive attitude. On the contrary, we have cases of social movements, such as the Spanish 15-M, which identified this process and designed a strategy to try to reverse it. However, and despite the efforts of this movement, many of the achievements of the 15-M against commodification have lost their validity. In this paper we review the current state of the debate on the commercialization of politics and, through a qualitative study, we show how the 15-M defined this process and established instruments to fight it. In the conclusions we discuss this process and show its current situation in Spain.
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Commodification and Digital Political Participation: The "15-M Movement" and the Collectivization of the Internet
La mercantilización y la participación política digital: el "Movimiento 15-M" y la colectivización del InternetA mercantilização e a participação política digital: o Movimento 15-M e a coletivização da internetDOI: 10.5294/pacla.2018.21.4.3The objective of this article is to analyze an emerging process in the network society: the commodification of the Internet and political communication. This strategy of technological capitalism is becoming increasingly present in the lives of citizens around the world, and it represents a new challenge for critical thinking. In this article we will show the debate around this process and we will point out a few examples. However, despite the existence of this process of commodification, society is not taking a passive attitude. On the contrary, we have cases of social movements, such as the Spanish 15-M, which identified this process and designed a strategy to try to reverse it. However, and despite the efforts of this movement, many of the achievements of the 15-M against commodification have lost their validity. In this paper we review the current state of the debate on the commercialization of politics and, through a qualitative study, we show how the 15-M defined this process and established instruments to fight it. In the conclusions we discuss this process and show its current situation in Spain. ; La mercantilización y la participación política digital: el "Movimiento 15-M" y la colectivización del InternetA mercantilização e a participação política digital: o Movimento 15-M e a coletivização da internetEl objetivo de este artículo es analizar un proceso emergente en la sociedad red: la mercantilización del Internet y la comunicación política. Esta estrategia de capitalismo tecnológico está cada vez más presente en las vidas de los ciudadanos de todo el mundo y representa un nuevo desafío para el pensamiento crítico. En este artículo mostraremos el debate sobre este proceso y señalaremos algunos ejemplos. Sin embargo, a pesar de la existencia de este proceso de mercantilización, la sociedad no está adoptando una actitud pasiva. Por el contrario, existen casos de movimientos sociales, como el español 15-M, que identificó este proceso y diseñó una estrategia para tratar de revertirlo. No obstante, pese a los esfuerzos de este movimiento, muchos de los logros del 15-M contra la mercantilización han perdido su validez. En este trabajo revisamos el estado actual del debate sobre la comercialización de la política y, a través de un estudio cualitativo, mostramos cómo el 15-M definió este proceso y estableció instrumentos para combatirlo. En las conclusiones discutimos este proceso y mostramos su situación actual en España. ; A mercantilização e a participação política digital: o Movimento 15-M e a coletivização da internetLa mercantilización y la participación política digital: el "Movimiento 15-M" y la colectivización del InternetO objetivo deste artigo é analisar um processo emergente na sociedade conectada: a mercantilização da internet e da comunicação política. Essa estratégia de capitalismo tecnológico está cada vez mais presente na vida dos cidadãos do mundo inteiro e representa um novo desafio para o pensamento crítico. Neste artigo, mostraremos o debate sobre esse processo e daremos alguns exemplos. Contudo, apesar da existência desse processo de mercantilização, a sociedade não está adotando uma atitude passiva. Pelo contrário, existem casos de movimentos sociais, como o espanhol 15-M, que identificou esse processo e desenhou uma estratégia para tentar revertê-lo. No entanto, embora os esforços desse movimento, muitas das conquistas do 15-M contra a mercantilização têm perdido sua validade. Neste trabalho, revisamos o estado atual do debate sobre a comercialização da política e, por meio de um estudo qualitativo, mostramos como o 15-M definiu esse processo e estabeleceu instrumentos para combatê- lo. Nas conclusões, discutimos esse processo e mostramos sua situação atual na Espanha.
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Inequalities in digital welfare take-up: lessons from e-government in Spain
In: Policy studies, Band 43, Heft 5, S. 1096-1111
ISSN: 1470-1006
Digital Political Participation and the Political Digital Divide In Spain. A Study of Digital Inequalities ; Participación política digital y brecha digital política en España. Un estudio de las desigualdades digitales
Variables relating to attitudes and beliefs towards politics and sociodemographic variables are commonplace in studies on political participation. We take these two traditions in order to study digital political participation. However, rather than doing so in order to explain activism, which is usually the case, we seek to explain a specific type of inequality in the information and knowledge society: the political digital divide. Given that digital political participation takes place through a medium that is not universally used, namely the Internet, it is important to know which citizens are in a position to opt for the advantages the political use of this medium represents. Studies exist analysing the way in which the political digital divide appears in terms of sociodemographic and attitudinal variables. Here, however, we try to present a model that helps us understand how these two groups of variables relate in terms of the relationship to digital political participation. The aim is to offer a fuller perspective of the sources of digital political inequalities. ; En el estudio de la participación política las variables relacionadas con las actitudes y las creencias hacia la política y las variables sociodemográficas son un lugar común. Nosotros tomamos estas dos tradiciones para estudiar la participación política digital. Sin embargo, no lo hacemos, como suele ser costumbre en los estudios políticos, para explicar el activismo, sino para explicar un tipo concreto de desigualdad en la sociedad de la información y el conocimiento; la brecha digital política. Dado que la participación política digital se realiza a través de un medio que no es universalmente utilizado, Internet, es importante saber qué ciudadanos están en disposición de optar a las ventajas que supone la utilización política de este medio. Existen estudios que analizan la forma en que se presenta la brecha digital política respecto a variables sociodemográficas y actitudinales. Sin embargo, aquí tratamos de presentar un modelo que nos ayude a comprender cómo se relacionan estos dos grupos de variables en relación a la participación política digital. Se trata de ofrecer una perspectiva más completa sobre las fuentes de las desigualdades digitales políticas.
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La polarización de "La Manada" ; The polarization of "La Manada"
Several authors have raised in recent years that the new scenario generated by digital communication causes citizens to have a role with greater prominence in the public debate. However,apart from the multiple political and communicative opportunities arising from the irruption of digital social networks, we find some risks and limitations relevant to political communication such as lack of civility (Incivility). The objective of this research is to analyze, through the study of the case of "La Manada" (of great social and political repercussion in Spain) and making use of Big data techniques, the possible polarization of public debate in the social network Twitter and the existence of this type of negative practices, especially when they affect women. We find a scenario of extreme polarization in which both parties tend to use the subject of debate as a pretext to reinforce the positions that separate the left and the right in Spain. ; Diversos autores han planteado en los últimos años que el nuevo escenario que genera la comunicación digital provoca que los ciudadanos tengan un papel con mayor protagonismo en el debate público. Sin embargo, al margen de las múltiples oportunidades políticas y comunicativas surgidas de tras la irrupción de las redes sociales digitales, encontramos algunos riesgos y limitaciones relevantes para la comunicación política como la falta de civismo (Incivility). El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar, a través del estudio del caso de "La manada" (de gran repercusión social y política en España) y haciendo uso de técnicas de Big data, la posible polarización de debate público en la red social Twitter y la existencia de este tipo de prácticas negativas, en especial, cuando afectan a las mujeres. Encontramos un escenario de una extrema polarización en el que ambas partes tienden a usar el tema de debate como pretexto para reforzar las posiciones que separan a la izquierda y la derecha en España.
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When negativity is the fuel. Bots and Political Polarization in the COVID-19 debate
The contexts of social and political polarization are generating new forms of communication that affect the digital public sphere. In these environments, different social and political actors contribute to extreme their positions, using bots to create spaces for social distancing where hate speech and incivility have a place, a phenomenon that worries scientists and experts. The main objective of this research is to analyze the role that these automated agents played in the debate on social networks about the Spanish Government's management of the global COVID-19 pandemic. For this, "Social Big Data Analysis" techniques were applied: "machine learning algorithms to know the positioning of users; bot detection algorithms; "topic modeling" techniques to learn about the topics of the debate on the web, and sentiment analysis. We used a database comprised of Twitter messages published during the confinement, as a result of the Spanish state of alarm. The main conclusion is that the bots could have served to design a political propaganda campaign initiated by traditional actors with the aim of increasing tension in an environment of social emergency. It is argued that, although these agents are not the only actors that increase polarization, they do contribute to deepening the debate on certain key issues, increasing negativity.
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Cuando la negatividad es el combustible. Bots y polarización política en el debate sobre el COVID-19 ; When negativity is the fuel. Bots and Political Polarization in the COVID-19 debate
Los contextos de polarización social y política están generando nuevas formas de comunicar que inciden en la esfera pública digital. En estos entornos, distintos actores sociales y políticos estarían contribuyendo a extremar sus posicionamientos, utilizando «bots» para crear espacios de distanciamiento social en los que tienen cabida el discurso del odio y la «incivility», un fenómeno que preocupa a científicos y expertos. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es analizar el rol que desempeñaron estos agentes automatizados en el debate en redes sociales sobre la gestión del Gobierno de España durante la pandemia global de COVID-19. Para ello, se han aplicado técnicas de «Social Big Data Analysis»: algoritmos de «machine learning» para conocer el posicionamiento de los usuarios; algoritmos de detección de «bots»; técnicas de «topic modeling» para conocer los temas del debate en la red, y análisis de sentimiento. Se ha utilizado una base de datos compuesta por mensajes de Twitter publicados durante el confinamiento iniciado a raíz del estado de alarma español. La principal conclusión es que los «bots» podrían haber servido para diseñar una campaña de propaganda política iniciada por actores tradicionales con el objetivo de aumentar la crispación en un ambiente de emergencia social. Se sostiene que, aunque dichos agentes no son los únicos actores que aumentan la polarización, sí coadyuvan a extremar el debate sobre determinados temas clave, incrementando la negatividad ; The contexts of social and political polarization are generating new forms of communication that affect the digital public sphere. In these environments, different social and political actors contribute to extreme their positions, using bots to create spaces for social distancing where hate speech and incivility have a place, a phenomenon that worries scientists and experts. The main objective of this research is to analyze the role that these automated agents played in the debate on social networks about the Spanish Government's management of the global COVID-19 pandemic. For this, "Social Big Data Analysis" techniques were applied: machine learning algorithms to know the positioning of users; bot detection algorithms; "topic modeling" techniques to learn about the topics of the debate on the web, and sentiment analysis. We used a database comprised of Twitter messages published during the confinement, as a result of the Spanish state of alarm. The main conclusion is that the bots could have served to design a political propaganda campaign initiated by traditional actors with the aim of increasing tension in an environment of social emergency. It is argued that, although these agents are not the only actors that increase polarization, they do contribute to deepening the debate on certain key issues, increasing negativity
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The use of digital social networks from an analytical sociology perspective: The case of Spain
In: Rationality and society, Band 27, Heft 4, S. 492-512
ISSN: 1461-7358
Digital social networks have attracted the attention of a growing number of specialists. The use of digital tools such as Facebook, Twitter and YouTube to express socio-political demands or to perform protest actions has become a central issue for social science today. However, few studies analyse the factors behind this phenomenon using explanatory models based on analytical sociology and rational action. In this article, we take steps in this direction and study the socio-political use of social networks based on a methodological individualism model. Through an analysis of structural equations, we analyse how the individual and social factors involved in the use of the social networks to 'do' politics relate to one another. We conclude that attitudes towards the political possibilities of the Internet constitute an essential factor for this kind of political action.
The Un-Connectivity of Connective Parties: Analyzing the Online Interaction Patterns of Unidos Podemos in Spain
In: Journal of political marketing: political campaigns in the new millennium, S. 1-14
ISSN: 1537-7865
The 15-M movement in the media and in networks: an analysis of communication strategies ; El movimiento 15-M en los medios y en las redes. Un análisis de sus estrategias comunicativas
This paper focuses on the analysis of the uses of the Internet by activists of the 15-M movement. We pay attention to two processes: the use of the Internet I) as a vehicle of communication with their potential audiences and II) as a technology that allows to circulate an alternative framework. Therefore we analyzed also the role played by the newspapers during the regional and municipal elections of 2011 when the movement burst onto the Spanish public life. Facing the frameworks developed by the newspapers during this period, the activists reacted with a strategy to control the flow of information about what was happening in the streets of many cities in Spain. This strategy of communicative action revolves around the general framework of the 15-M and, thanks largely to the Internet, is focused on the need to develop forms of direct participation and the disintermediation of the relationships between activists and other citizens. ; Este trabajo se centra en el análisis de los usos de Internet por parte de los activistas del movimiento 15-M en dos sentidos: I) como vehículo de comunicación con sus potenciales audiencias y II) como estrategia que permite poner en circulación marcos alternativos a los ofrecidos por los mass media. Por ello analizamos, también, el papel que jugó la prensa escrita durante las elecciones autonómicas y municipales de 2011 cuando el movimiento irrumpió con fuerza en la vida pública española. Frente a los marcos desarrollados por la prensa escrita durante dicho periodo, los activistas del movimiento reaccionaron con una estrategia dirigida a controlar el flujo de información sobre lo que estaba sucediendo en las plazas de muchas ciudades de España. Se trata, de una estrategia de acción comunicativa que gira en torno al marco general del 15-M y que, gracias en gran medida a Internet, se centra en la necesidad de desarrollar formas de participación directas y des-intermediar las relaciones entre los activistas y el resto de ciudadanos.This paper focuses on the analysis of the uses of the Internet by activists of the 15-M movement. We pay attention to two processes: the use of the Internet I) as a vehicle of communication with their potential audiences and II) as a technology that allows to circulate an alternative framework. Therefore we analyzed also the role played by the newspapers during the regional and municipal elections of 2011 when the movement burst onto the Spanish public life. Facing the frameworks developed by the newspapers during this period, the activists reacted with a strategy to control the flow of information about what was happening in the streets of many cities in Spain. This strategy of communicative action revolves around the general framework of the 15-M and, thanks largely to the Internet, is focused on the need to develop forms of direct participation and the disintermediation of the relationships between activists and other citizens.
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