Suchergebnisse

English Around 1.2 million women and girls enter the sex trade every year, generating US$1.5 billion annually for their exploiters. Between 30 percent and 35 percent of the victims are girls under 18 years old. This article explores the growing problem of global trafficking of women and children for prostitution and outlines specific policy recommendations. French Environ 1,2 millions de femmes et de filles entrent le commerce de sexe chaque année, produisant $1,5 milliards dollars américains annuellement pour leurs exploiteurs. Les filles en bas de 18 ans comptent pour 30-35' pour cent des victimes. Cet article explore le problème croissant du trafic global des femmes et des enfants, et offre des recommandations spécifiques pour les politiques sociales. Spanish Cada año 1,2 millones de mujeres y niñas entran en la industria del sexo, beneficiando a sus explotadores con $1,5 billones anuals. Del 30 al 35 por ciento de las víctimas son menores de 18 años. En este artículo se explora el problema creciente de prostitución de mujeres y menores de edad, y se perfilan algunas recomandaciones específicas de política social.

AbstractOver 2 million children are cared for in kinship care in Kenya, and approximately 100,000 are believed to be living in residential care centres. Under leading international policy instruments ratified and domesticated by Kenya, domestic adoption is considered an option to be promoted and regulated in ensuring children's right to family‐based care. In this qualitative study, the authors interviewed 21 participants regarding the cultural and social contexts of domestic adoption in Kenya. Common beliefs and attitudes reflect a misunderstanding of the legal implications of adoption, the centrality of lineage as a vehicle for defining family membership and inheritance, and strong stigma regarding infertility. Main barriers to adoption include fear of exposing infertility, worry about corrupt practices, and reluctance to grant full inheritance rights to a child unrelated by blood. Despite these challenges, some couples are adopting to fulfil their desire for a child, as an expression of charity, and in some cases for practical reasons such as obtaining insurance for a kin child. The authors recommend placing children in adoption only with proper preparation and ethical procedures and suggest long‐term approaches to promoting adoptions that will ensure full rights of family membership for the child.

English Intercountry adoption, once viewed as a means of international charity, has recently been challenged by political and economic forces, leading to vio lation of human rights. The authors compare the experiences of two sending countries – Romania and the Marshall Islands – and suggest the utilization of a bottom-up human rights approach. French L'adoption internationale, autrefois vue comme un moyen d'oeuvre de bienfaisance internationale, a récemment été mise en cause par des forces politiques et économiques, comme concourant à la violation de droits de l'homme. Les auteurs comparent les expériences de deux pays d'origine – la Roumanie et les Iles Marshall – et suggèrent l'utilisation d'une approche intégrée des droits de l'homme, de la base au sommet. Spanish La adopción entre países, una vez que se ha visto como significado de caridad internacional, ha sido un reto reciente para las fuerzas políticas y económicas, principalmente en lo que se refiere a la violación de los derechos humanos. Los autores comparan las experiencias de dos países emisores – Rumanía y las Islas Marshall – y sugieren la utilización de un acercamiento al fondo de los derechos humanos.

In response to the orphan crisis in sub-Saharan Africa, the international child welfare community has agreed on a model that aims to increase the capacity of families and communities. Yet, little is known thus far about the service content and efficacy of programs based on the model. This project examined a community-based program in Uganda that provides support and assistance to families raising orphaned and other vulnerable children. Findings suggest that the households' need in certain categories, such as housing and food security, decreased significantly after services were received. Children's senses of belonging and permanency appeared promising. The program's strengths are discussed with recommended changes, as well as implications for policy, practice, and further research.

EnglishIn this article the practice of using child soldiers is examined in the light of the structural elements that facilitate and perpetuate this form of institutionalized child abuse. Based on new models for understanding this form of child abuse, the authors suggest intervention methods at the macro and micro levels.FrenchCette étude examine la pratique du recrutement des enfants à titre de soldats et fait ressortir des é léments structurels qui facilitent et contribuent à perpé - tuer cette forme de maltraitance institutionnalisé e. En s'appuyant sur de nouveaux modè les pour comprendre cette forme de maltraitance à l'égard des enfants, les auteurs proposent des méthodes d'intervention sur les plans macro et micro.SpanishEn este trabajo se examina la prá ctica del uso de niñ os soldados, a la luz de los elementos estructurales que facilitan y perpetúan esta forma de institucionalización de abuso infantil. Con base en nuevos modelos para la comprensión de esta forma de abuso infantil, los autores recomiendan métodos de intervención en los niveles macro y micro.

This study explored the child welfare plans of 102 mothers with terminal illnesses (predominantly AIDS) in rural Mozambique. The majority of mothers assumed that after their death the extended family would care for the children, but none offered a clearly identified plan. Many hoped that the government would provide for the children's education, food, and health care, although very little assistance is available currently. The vast majority of the women reported a preference for placement in an orphanage over other options, due to the perception that the children will be better fed and educated there. Ironically, all orphanages in Mozambique are at full capacity. The findings suggest an urgent need for collaboration at community, national, and international levels to meet the needs of orphans. Policy, practice, and research implications are explored.

This study examines the opinions and perceptions of 454 adults representing 15% of the total households in the Republic of Marshall Islands regarding intrafamily and in-country adoptions. Qualitative and quantitative methods yielded results indicating a nearly unanimous agreement for children staying within the extended family and against stranger, in-country, and international adoptions. Marked difference was found in the participants' willingness to raise kin vs. nonkin children, and an inverse relationship between education levels and willingness to raise nonkin children. Assistance necessary to support intrafamily and in-country adoptions is addressed, and preferred child welfare policies are ranked. Policy and research implications are discussed.