Suchergebnisse

Two consecutive experiments were conducted using 480 pigs each with six replicate pens per treatment and 10 pigs per pen to evaluate the effect of standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys (0.81, 0.91, 1.01, and 1.11%) in diets containing ractopamine (RAC; 10 or 20 mg kg-1) on growth and carcass traits of barrows in a commercial production system. There were no effects of either RAC levels or the interaction between RAC and SID Lys levels on any of the performance and carcass variables. No lack of fit was detected in the response surface analysis. From d 0 to 21, there was no effect of SID Lys levels on ADFI. However, as SID Lys increased, there was a linear increase in ADG and G:F. As SID Lys increased, the ADG, G:F, loin depth, and lean percentage improved linearly from d 0 to 28, with no effect on ADFI and backfat thickness. In conclusion, performance and carcass traits of pigs fed RAC (10 or 20 mg kg-1) in a commercial finishing facility are improved by up to 1.11% SID Lys supplementation. There is no additional benefit of feeding 20 mg kg-1 RAC in comparison with 10 mg kg-1 RAC.

The objective of this collaborative study was to evaluate the indigestible neutral detergent fiber (iNDF) and indigestible acid detergent fiber (iADF) content in feeds in six laboratories from institutions linked to the National Institute of Science and Technology in Animal Science (INCT-CA). Six feeds were evaluated: signal grass hay, sugarcane, corn silage, soybean meal, corn and citrus pulp. Estimated levels of iNDF and iADF proved to be dependent on the laboratory in which the analysis was performed. It was found that differences between laboratories ranged from 2.40 percentage points for soybean meal to 8.05 percentage points for sugarcane for iNDF analysis and from 1.79 percentage points for corn to 10.06 percentage points for hay for iADF analysis. It was observed that the individual evaluation of each material, the total random variation of the results between laboratories ranged from 88.75 to 96.77% and 88.75 to 98.40% for iNDF and iADF analysis, respectively. The iNDF and iADF levels are dependent on the interaction effect between the evaluated material and laboratory and have low reproducibility; this may be a consequence of the differences between the methods practiced by each laboratory, demonstrating lack of standardization of procedures used by the laboratories.

Objetivou-se com essa pesquisa avaliar os efeitos de aditivos emulsificantes em características de processo e textura dos kibbles na indústria pet food. Para cada tratamento, foram realizadas quatro batidas (4 repetições/tratamento) e coletadas quatro amostras no tempo. Dois emulsificantes comerciais, adicionados on top, foram utilizados em um alimento seco extrusado, indicado para cães adultos, formando 3 tratamentos ((CON; Controle), (EMUA; CON + 0,06% emulsificante A), (EMUB; CON + 0,06% emulsificante B)). Foi utilizada dieta comercial econômica para cães adultos. Os alimentos foram extrusados em uma extrusora de rosca simples, com capacidade de processamento de 6.000 kg/h, sendo que o mesmo conjunto de equipamentos, condições de mistura, secagem e revestimento foram utilizados para todos os tratamentos. O emulsificante A possui em sua composição mono-diglicerídeo parcialmente saturado, estearoil lactato de sódio e mono éster de ácido tartárico di-acetilado, enquanto o emulsificante B possui em sua composição mono e diglicerídeos de ácidos graxos, ésteres de monoglicerídeos com ácido diacetiltartárico e estearoil lactato de sódio. Foi realizada uma análise de correlação canônica para os dados de correlação de processos e características de textura de kibble. O teste multivariado lambda Wilks foi usado para avaliar a significância das raízes canônicas juntas. Observou-se que a função canônica 1 mostrou-se significante. Percebeu-se que houve controle no processo, devido ao agrupamento dos tratamentos. A utilização de emulsificantes influenciou a característica de dureza dos kibbles, com menor resistência de EMUA (54,731 ±1,124), quando comparado a EMUB (121,898± 5,158). O tratamento EMUB obteve valores de amperagem, potência e consumo de energia inferiores aos demais tratamentos (P<0,05). Houve uma redução no valor da Amperagem, em relação ao tratamento CON de 1,43% e 3,15%, respectivamente, para os tratamentos EMUA e EMUB. Conclui-se que EMUB contribui mais significativamente para obtenção de características de textura e para o processo de extrusão.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of glutamine and glutamate (Gln/Glu) on the growth performance and immune response of nursery pigs fed different digestible lysine content. Two hundred and sixteen piglets, weaned at 21 days old, were assigned to a randomized block design according to their initial body weight (BW), in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two levels of lysine (control-lys and low-lys) and two levels of Gln/Glu (0 and 12 g kg-1), with nine replicates. At 26 d, piglets consuming the low-lys diet not supplemented with Gln/Glu presented a higher (P < 0.01) incidence of diarrhea than the other treatments. From 21 to 32 d of age, the piglets fed the control-lys diets performed better than those fed low-lys diets (P < 0.01). From 21 to 42 d of age, there was a correlation (P < 0.01) between lysine level and Gln/Glu supplementation for average daily feed intake (ADFI) and feed conversion (FC). Gln/Glu supplementation improved (P < 0.05) the ADFI of pigs fed the low-lys diets, resulting in a higher (P < 0.01) average daily weight gain (ADG) and BW; however, worse (P < 0.05) FC. Piglets consuming control-lys diets had higher (P < 0.05) serum urea nitrogen concentration (SUN) and IgG than low-lys piglets. In addition, Gln/Glu supplementation correlated with higher (P < 0.01) SUN. Dietary supplementation of glutamine and glutamate improved the growth performance of weaned piglets from 21 to 42 days of age, regardless of the diets' lysine levels. In addition, reducing lysine levels 10% below the requirement negatively affects the growth performance and the immune response of nursery piglets.