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This thesis sheds light on the dynamics of change in the energy system by taking the example of marine renewable energies (MRE). By exploring ten case studies (both sectoral and territorial), it reflects on the reasons for the return of these technologies in the 2000's. Previously excluded from the dominant paradigm of French electricity production, in the 1980s, marine renewable energies are currently making a comeback in the context of the systemic crisis of the 3Es (environmental, economic and energy). At the interface of energy policies (energy transition policies) and maritime policies (blue growth policies), marine renewable energies were legitimized when the sea became a new horizon for (re)building visionary, avant-garde and technopolitical discourses. Through this, we highlight the importance of beliefs and collective representations of technological activity. Through the diversity of technological trajectories discussed in this thesis (tidal stream and tidal range energy, wave energy, ocean thermal energy conversion and offshore wind energy), we show that, in France, the industry of marine renewable energies presents itself as a political construction without asserted technological consistency, at the interface between different technical worlds. This thesis put into perspective the notion of disruptive innovation and creative destruction by highlighting phenomena of technological rebirth, which can take several decades and even centuries. Through a retroprospective analysis, this thesis defends the idea that the dynamics of change of the energy system are not mainly driven by creation and novelty, but could, rather, be construed as a process of update and reinterpretation of existing technological principles. This thesis aims to provide insights to economists, sociologists and historians of technology who try to understand the trajectories of innovation and the conditions for success of energy technologies. ; Cette thèse analyse les dynamiques de changement du système énergétique en se focalisant sur ...

Cet article propose de revenir sur la mise en place d'une politique publique tournée vers les énergies marines renouvelables dans l'Eurorégion Nouvelle-Aquitaine-Euskadi-Navarre dans le cadre de la mise en œuvre des stratégies de « spécialisation intelligente » des régions (RIS3). L'objectif est de comprendre les dynamiques d'une construction d'action collective afin d'examiner les stratégies de valorisation des ressources territoriales et les convergences stratégiques d'acteurs transfrontaliers. En d'autres termes, c'est une analyse d'une politique d'innovation territorialisée basée sur notre propre observation que nous proposons. En quoi la spécialisation intelligente des régions invite-t-elle à repenser les stratégies eurorégionales transfrontalières ?