Suchergebnisse

Aboriginal self-government is changing the governance landscape in Canada. This paper focuses on a little-studied aspect of aboriginal self-government arrangements, namely the horizontal dispersion of power among non-governmental institutions in the policy process. Nunavut, the Canadian territory created in 1999, offers a good example of this horizontal power dispersion. The Government of Nunavut is the only Canadian public government stemming from a land claim agreement. This creates a special set of obligations and entrenches a horizontal multilevel governance model, with a unique model of governance between a public government, the government of Nunavut (GN), that serves a predominantly Inuit population, and a nonprofit beneficiary organization, Nunavut Tunngavik Inc.(NTI), representing the Inuit of Nunavut. In this paper we map out the authority and legitimacy of these levels of governance and the impacts of this system on Nunavut public policies and access to resource development revenues.

Aboriginal self-government is changing the governance landscape in Canada. This paper focuses on a little-studied aspect of aboriginal self-government arrangements, namely the horizontal dispersion of power among non-governmental institutions in the policy process. Nunavut, the Canadian territory created in 1999, offers a good example of this horizontal power dispersion. The Government of Nunavut is the only Canadian public government stemming from a land claim agreement. This creates a special set of obligations and entrenches a horizontal multilevel governance model, with a unique model of governance between a public government, the government of Nunavut (GN), that serves a predominantly Inuit population, and a nonprofit beneficiary organization, Nunavut Tunngavik Inc.(NTI), representing the Inuit of Nunavut. In this paper we map out the authority and legitimacy of these levels of governance and the impacts of this system on Nunavut public policies and access to resource development revenues.

Le Québec nordique a longtemps été perçu comme un réservoir de ressources pour le Sud et les populations autochtones qui l'habitaient étaient souvent ignorées. Le Plan Nord, lancé par Jean Charest en 2011, reprend cette même logique en mettant de l'avant le développement minier du territoire. Cependant, depuis les années 1970, on ne peut plus ignorer les droits des Autochtones et les régions du nord ont développé leurs propres institutions de gouvernance qui prennent part au développement régional en tentant de le redéfinir. Dans ce texte, après une comparaison des conditions socio-économiques des « nord » du Québec et de leur développement institutionnel, nous proposons une analyse des différents modèles de développement du Nord portés par les différents acteurs. Notre analyse s'appuie sur l'approche de la construction des nations (nation-building) développée par leHarvard Project on American Indian Economic Development.

International audience ; Coherence, a fundamental principle of European Union (EU) foreign policy remains a challenge for the EU. For example, the development of an EU Arctic policy raises both internal and external challenges as two non-Arctic member states, France and Germany, move to establish their own Arctic policies. Internally, EU inter-institutional coherence has also been difficult to achieve as shown by the first effort to draft an EU Arctic policy and by the EU regulation on trade in seal products. However, internal coherence has significantly improved since 2008, and the Parliament, Commission, and Council now maintain similar positions, yet the EU is still waiting for its admission to the Arctic Council. External coherence between EU member states on Arctic issues has proven to be more elusive. France is using high-level diplomacy to define its Arctic agenda, and is clearly challenging the EU consensus on cooperation as an unambitious policy. Germany is pointing at inefficiencies regarding the coordination of EU member states while taking a more collaborative approach with Arctic countries and maintaining close ties with the EU. Although EU Arctic policy is now entering a new phase of maturity, the EU will require better coordination and a clearer vision of its role in order to position itself as an effective foreign-policy stakeholder in the Arctic, in particular when new powerful actors like Asian states enter the geopolitics and geo-economics of the Arctic.

International audience ; Coherence, a fundamental principle of European Union (EU) foreign policy remains a challenge for the EU. For example, the development of an EU Arctic policy raises both internal and external challenges as two non-Arctic member states, France and Germany, move to establish their own Arctic policies. Internally, EU inter-institutional coherence has also been difficult to achieve as shown by the first effort to draft an EU Arctic policy and by the EU regulation on trade in seal products. However, internal coherence has significantly improved since 2008, and the Parliament, Commission, and Council now maintain similar positions, yet the EU is still waiting for its admission to the Arctic Council. External coherence between EU member states on Arctic issues has proven to be more elusive. France is using high-level diplomacy to define its Arctic agenda, and is clearly challenging the EU consensus on cooperation as an unambitious policy. Germany is pointing at inefficiencies regarding the coordination of EU member states while taking a more collaborative approach with Arctic countries and maintaining close ties with the EU. Although EU Arctic policy is now entering a new phase of maturity, the EU will require better coordination and a clearer vision of its role in order to position itself as an effective foreign-policy stakeholder in the Arctic, in particular when new powerful actors like Asian states enter the geopolitics and geo-economics of the Arctic.

The aim of this article is to go beyond progress stories presented in and about the North by industry and governmental bodies. By pursuing event ethnography and public policy analysis, progress stories are analyzed and contextualized, drawing on recent insights from participant-observations at mining conferences and conventions (e.g. PDAC), field visits (organized by REXSAC and the MinErAL Network) to Greenland and Quebec. Quebec has a long history of mining, and in Greenland substantial profit from mining has also been possible (before the Greenland Self-Government authorities took over the responsibility for the mineral resource area). Northern communities are in many ways co-investors of mining projects and promised to benefit from the extractive activities. However, with a (2014) mining strategy preparing Greenland for something that never really happened. Mining in Greenland is still carried out, but the making of minerals there is contested. Around the same time, Québec launched Plan Nord and initiatives mostly aimed at fostering mining investment and development in Northern Québec. The analysis illustrates that development of the mining industry in praxis is much more modest than envisioned, but still the progress stories do have an impact on local politics, the understanding of history, and relationships between North and South. Keywords: Event Ethnography, Extractive Industries, Progress Stories, Frontier Speak, Making Minerals, Greenland, Northern Québec.

Aboriginal peoples of Canada have never limited themselves to the national scène in their struggle to obtain the recognition of their collective rights and powers. Since 1974, this phenomenon has increased noticeably and the international activities of Aboriginal peoples can be seen as a major event in Canadian external affairs. However, Aboriginal peoples of Canada are not a homogenous group. Their participation in the international Systems or institutions is as varied as the traditions and the expectations of each aboriginal nation towards political action. Beyond a typology of the external relations of Aboriginal peoples, the approach used in this article offers new perspectives over the extent and the meaning of their international personality : without being a condition of aboriginal self-government, the participation in the international arena is certainly promoting the realization of this ideal.

Describes the involvement in international affairs of the aboriginal peoples of Canada, the benefits they derive from it, and how it affects their national and international standing; since 1974, chiefly. Summary in English.

The purpose of this study was to learn from the experiences of post-secondary Inuit students from Canada. Through surveys, interviews, and focus groups, we realized that despite the challenges associated with pursuing post-secondary education in the South, most respondents perceived their experience to be positive. Lack of access to sufficient and equitable funding was perceived by respondents to be a significant barrier, as was the lack of readily available information for prospective students from Inuit Nunangat. We conclude with a brief discussion of possible actions for improving access to university education in Inuit Nunangat, notably that governments should not only focus on training and should develop programs that reflect Inuit students' needs and aspirations.QALLUNAALIAQTUT: L'EXPÉRIENCE DES ÉTUDIANTS INUITS DANS LES ÉTABLISSEMENTS POSTSECONDAIRES DU SUD L'objectif de cette étude est de mieux comprendre l'expérience des étudiants inuits du Canada. Au moyen d'enquêtes, d'entrevues et de groupe focus, on constate qu'en dépit des défis importants rencontrés par ces étudiants, leur expérience est globalement positive. Les participants ont toutefois noté que le manque de financement et le manque d'information sur les études postsecondaires étaient les obstacles les plus importants. En conclusion, on explore les actions qui permettraient d'améliorer l'accès aux études postsecondaires dans l'Inuit Nunangat, en insistant notamment sur le fait que l'on ne doit pas se concentrer uniquement sur les programmes professionnels, mais que l'on doit aussi répondre aux besoins et aspirations des étudiants inuits. ; L'objectif de cette étude est de mieux comprendre l'expérience des étudiants inuits du Canada. Au moyen d'enquêtes, d'entrevues et de groupe focus, on constate qu'en dépit des défis importants rencontrés par ces étudiants, leur expérience est globalement positive. Les participants ont toutefois noté que le manque de financement et le manque d'information sur les études postsecondaires étaient les obstacles les plus importants. En conclusion, on explore les actions qui permettraient d'améliorer l'accès aux études postsecondaires dans l'Inuit Nunangat, en insistant notamment sur le fait que l'on ne doit pas se concentrer uniquement sur les programmes professionnels, mais que l'on doit aussi répondre aux besoins et aspirations des étudiants inuits.