Suchergebnisse

This article reflects on the determinants that are having an impact on the crisis of positive law itself orassociated with the model of the welfare State, with particular emphasis on the Colombian case. In thissense, the paper develops three points: First, it suggests that during the 20th century the legislation haspositivist and kelsenian nature; Secondly, that the legal system is highly concentrated and centralized,and finally, that at the end of the 20th century, this model goes through a crisis because of many determinationsdue to changes in the work processes and the dynamics of social movements. In conclusion,we see a process of decoding, systematic loss of the legal system and the emergence of new legal logicsorganized under the preceding hegemonic code. ; Este artículo reflexiona sobre los determinantes que vienen incidiendo sobre la crisis del derecho positivo propio o más asociado al modelo del Estado benefactor, con particular énfasis en el caso colombiano. En este sentido, el artículo desarrolla tres ideas básicas al respecto, a saber: en primer lugar, sugiere que durante el siglo XX el ordenamiento jurídico es de naturaleza positivista y kelseniana; en segundo lugar, que el ordenamiento jurídico es altamente concentrado, centralizado y jerarquizado; en tercer lugar, que este modelo a finales de siglo XX entra en crisis gracias a múltiples determinaciones debidas a las transformaciones de los procesos de trabajo y a la dinámica de los movimientos sociales. En conclusión, se advierte un proceso de descodificación, de pérdida de sistematización del ordenamiento jurídico y la aparición de nuevos ordenamientos jurídicos organizados bajo lógicas distintas a la codificación hege- mónica precedente.

El propósito del artículo consiste en explicar los discursos liberales y realistas que han sustentado la Política de Seguridad Internacional de Canadá (PSIC) durante la posguerra fría. En especial, se ofrecen evidencias orientadas a demostrar que los gobiernos canadienses se debaten inevitablemente entre valores cosmopolitas e intereses estratégicos, al formular sus respectivas políticas de seguridad internacional. Luego de considerar, en el seno de la literatura sobre la PSIC, cómo se han estudiado las orientaciones liberales y realistas de esta política, se explican los discursos liberales y realistas específicos que han configurado las políticas de seguridad internacional de los gobiernos de Jean Chrétien (1993-2003), Paul Martin (2003-2006) y Stephen Harper (2006). Como una consideración final, se pretende dilucidar el modo progresivo en el que los distintos gobiernos canadienses han venido adoptando los intereses y valores cosmopolitas de Estados Unidos en materia de seguridad internacional.

The purpose of the article is to explain the liberal and realist discourses that underpinned the Canadian International Security Policy (CISP) during the post-Cold War. In particular, it offers evidence to show that Canadian governments inevitably debate between cosmopolitan values and strategic interests in formulating their respective policies of international security. After considering how liberal and realist orientations of this policy have been studied in the literature on CISP, it explains the specific liberal and realist discourses that have shaped international security policies of the governments of Jean Chrétien (1993-2003), Paul Martin (2003-2006) and Stephen Harper (2006 -). As a final consideration, it intends to elucidate the progressive way in which the various Canadian governments have been adopting the United States' cosmopolitan values and interests regarding international security. ; El propósito del artículo consiste en explicar los discursos liberales y realistas que han sustentado la Política de Seguridad Internacional de Canadá (PSIC) durante la posguerra fría. En especial, se ofrecen evidencias orientadas a demostrar que los gobiernos canadienses se debaten inevitablemente entre valores cosmopolitas e intereses estratégicos, al formular sus respectivas políticas de seguridad internacional. Luego de considerar, en el seno de la literatura sobre la PSIC, cómo se han estudiado las orientaciones liberales y realistas de esta política, se explican los discursos liberales y realistas específicos que han configurado las políticas de seguridad internacional de los gobiernos de Jean Chrétien (1993-2003), Paul Martin (2003-2006) y Stephen Harper (2006). Como una consideración final, se pretende dilucidar el modo progresivo en el que los distintos gobiernos canadienses han venido adoptando los intereses y valores cosmopolitas de Estados Unidos en materia de seguridad internacional.

The purpose of the article is to explain the liberal and realist discourses that underpinned the Canadian International Security Policy (CISP) during the post-Cold War. In particular, it offers evidence to show that Canadian governments inevitably debate between cosmopolitan values and strategic interests in formulating their respective policies of international security. After considering how liberal and realist orientations of this policy have been studied in the literature on CISP, it explains the specific liberal and realist discourses that have shaped international security policies of the governments of Jean Chrétien (1993-2003), Paul Martin (2003-2006) and Stephen Harper (2006 -). As a final consideration, it intends to elucidate the progressive way in which the various Canadian governments have been adopting the United States' cosmopolitan values and interests regarding international security. ; El propósito del artículo consiste en explicar los discursos liberales y realistas que han sustentado la Política de Seguridad Internacional de Canadá (PSIC) durante la posguerra fría. En especial, se ofrecen evidencias orientadas a demostrar que los gobiernos canadienses se debaten inevitablemente entre valores cosmopolitas e intereses estratégicos, al formular sus respectivas políticas de seguridad internacional. Luego de considerar, en el seno de la literatura sobre la PSIC, cómo se han estudiado las orientaciones liberales y realistas de esta política, se explican los discursos liberales y realistas específicos que han configurado las políticas de seguridad internacional de los gobiernos de Jean Chrétien (1993-2003), Paul Martin (2003-2006) y Stephen Harper (2006). Como una consideración final, se pretende dilucidar el modo progresivo en el que los distintos gobiernos canadienses han venido adoptando los intereses y valores cosmopolitas de Estados Unidos en materia de seguridad internacional.

My wish, in this text, is to study and observe the concept of authority and power in the work of Christine de Pizan (1364/1365-ca. 1430?), as well as editing ideas of mediation and consensus in the works of the author. I will analyze these political conceptions in L'epistreàla ReineIsabeau (1405); Le Livre de la Mutation de Fortune; The City of Ladies; The Rose and the Prince; La Vita e ibuonicostumi del saggio re Carlo V; in Librodella Pace and the Poema di Giovanna d'Arco. Christine was a woman of privileged culture, she had received since childhood a refined education in the Court, and she had had access to the Royal Library, as per her social situation. From a young age she was ableto devote herself to the arts and culture, i.e., to move in an area that was considered in her time above all to be a male domain, at least for lay people, although this was not the case for the religious, because some nuns, canonesses and medieval beguines were also highly educated women. The ideas of authority and power, as well as the policy of mediation and consensus are present in the work of Christine de Pizan, because these ideas have as basic element the practice of relationship, or rather of relationships, and it is this that allows us to understand feudalism, because this system was conjoined in a network of relationships ; This text forms part of the framework of the project HAR2001-28773-C02-02, La política de lo simbólico en la historia y en la historia del arte. Creadoras de lenguaje histórico en dos períodos de transición: Ss. XIV-XXI of the Ministry of Economy and Competition. Dedicated a Concepción Varela-Rodríguez

My wish, in this text, is to study and observe the concept of authority and power in the work of Christine de Pizan (1364/1365-ca. 1430?), as well as editing ideas of mediation and consensus in the works of the author. I will analyze these political conceptions in L'epistreàla ReineIsabeau (1405); Le Livre de la Mutation de Fortune; The City of Ladies; The Rose and the Prince; La Vita e ibuonicostumi del saggio re Carlo V; in Librodella Pace and the Poema di Giovanna d'Arco. Christine was a woman of privileged culture, she had received since childhood a refined education in the Court, and she had had access to the Royal Library, as per her social situation. From a young age she was ableto devote herself to the arts and culture, i.e., to move in an area that was considered in her time above all to be a male domain, at least for lay people, although this was not the case for the religious, because some nuns, canonesses and medieval beguines were also highly educated women. The ideas of authority and power, as well as the policy of mediation and consensus are present in the work of Christine de Pizan, because these ideas have as basic element the practice of relationship, or rather of relationships, and it is this that allows us to understand feudalism, because this system was conjoined in a network of relationships ; This text forms part of the framework of the project HAR2001-28773-C02-02, La política de lo simbólico en la historia y en la historia del arte. Creadoras de lenguaje histórico en dos períodos de transición: Ss. XIV-XXI of the Ministry of Economy and Competition. Dedicated a Concepción Varela-Rodríguez

My wish, in this text, is to study and observe the concept of authority and power in the work of Christine de Pizan (1364/1365-ca. 1430?), as well as editing ideas of mediation and consensus in the works of the author. I will analyze these political conceptions in L'epistreàla ReineIsabeau (1405); Le Livre de la Mutation de Fortune; The City of Ladies; The Rose and the Prince; La Vita e ibuonicostumi del saggio re Carlo V; in Librodella Pace and the Poema di Giovanna d'Arco. Christine was a woman of privileged culture, she had received since childhood a refined education in the Court, and she had had access to the Royal Library, as per her social situation. From a young age she was ableto devote herself to the arts and culture, i.e., to move in an area that was considered in her time above all to be a male domain, at least for lay people, although this was not the case for the religious, because some nuns, canonesses and medieval beguines were also highly educated women. The ideas of authority and power, as well as the policy of mediation and consensus are present in the work of Christine de Pizan, because these ideas have as basic element the practice of relationship, or rather of relationships, and it is this that allows us to understand feudalism, because this system was conjoined in a network of relationships ; This text forms part of the framework of the project HAR2001-28773-C02-02, La política de lo simbólico en la historia y en la historia del arte. Creadoras de lenguaje histórico en dos períodos de transición: Ss. XIV-XXI of the Ministry of Economy and Competition. Dedicated a Concepción Varela-Rodríguez

My wish, in this text, is to study and observe the concept of authority and power in the work of Christine de Pizan (1364/1365-ca. 1430?), as well as editing ideas of mediation and consensus in the works of the author. I will analyze these political conceptions in L'epistreàla ReineIsabeau (1405); Le Livre de la Mutation de Fortune; The City of Ladies; The Rose and the Prince; La Vita e ibuonicostumi del saggio re Carlo V; in Librodella Pace and the Poema di Giovanna d'Arco. Christine was a woman of privileged culture, she had received since childhood a refined education in the Court, and she had had access to the Royal Library, as per her social situation. From a young age she was ableto devote herself to the arts and culture, i.e., to move in an area that was considered in her time above all to be a male domain, at least for lay people, although this was not the case for the religious, because some nuns, canonesses and medieval beguines were also highly educated women. The ideas of authority and power, as well as the policy of mediation and consensus are present in the work of Christine de Pizan, because these ideas have as basic element the practice of relationship, or rather of relationships, and it is this that allows us to understand feudalism, because this system was conjoined in a network of relationships ; This text forms part of the framework of the project HAR2001-28773-C02-02, La política de lo simbólico en la historia y en la historia del arte. Creadoras de lenguaje histórico en dos períodos de transición: Ss. XIV-XXI of the Ministry of Economy and Competition. Dedicated a Concepción Varela-Rodríguez

The system of pensions is in a financial delicate situation, due to diverse factors since that are the demographic imbalances, low rate of birthrate and increase of the life expectancy, but also sociological and political factors have influenced the increasing public expenditure of the old-age pensions. The public power have the worry of not being able to finance them and have taken measurements, in order that this does not happen.The reform of the pensions has been deep, between other measures, there has been late the ordinary age of retirement of sixty five a years to sixty seven years; the years of previous price that they take for the calculation of the regulatory base it is extended from fifteen to twenty-five years; the percentages applicable to the regulatory base to determine the quantity reduce to the being necessary to quote more years to be able to reach the same percentages, of before the reform; the regulation of the complements to minimums is more restrictive; to the way of covering the lagoons of price it combines rules favorable to the beneficiary and more restrictive others; they are not going to eliminate the mechanisms of early retirement but there is going to be promoted the prolongation of the labor life across the partial and flexible retirement; in the modality of flexible retirement it will be possible to summarize the professional activity, even to complete day, making compatible salary with the presentation of retirement. The desirable objective will be to obtain a flexible system of retirement that contemplates a range of possibilities at the moment of acceding to the same one, a maximum age will not be imposed but if a minimal age.