Suchergebnisse

The interaction between competition and environmental policy is quite complex, particularly before state aids, whose control level reflects the emergingopportunity cost between both policies. In order to illustrate the potential efficiency losses orthe imbalances on level playing field of competition, this article analyzes the legal, economic andpolitical dimensions of the European Union Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) free allocation of allowances mechanism for the power generation sector. ; La interacción entre la política de competencia y la medio ambientales bastante compleja, especialmente en el caso de las ayudas estatales, cuyo nivel de controlrefleja el coste de oportunidad emergente entre ambas. Con el fin de ilustrar las potencialespérdidas de eficiencia o los desequilibrios en la equidad de condiciones de competencia, esteartículo analiza las dimensiones legal, económica y política del mecanismo de asignación gratuitade permisos de emisión del Régimen Comunitario de Comercio de Derechos de Emisión (RCCDE) de la Unión Europea para el sector de la generación eléctrica.

The costs of oil dependence, the environmental external costs of fossil fuels, or the promotion of agricultural development, has justified a number of measuresof state intervention to expand the domestic market of biofuels, assuming that state interventionis necessary and sufficient condition for achieving this aim. After analyzing the political andeconomic elements in the Brazilian ethanol sector in historical perspective, in this article weargue that the expansion or contraction of the market should not be understood as an effect of aparticular policies determined by the regulatory state. Regardingthis, we argue the trends on the market development reflect the effects of aprevious underlying relationship, which is determined by the convergence or divergence over time ofthe opportunity costs of government and agribusiness. Our analysis shows that the effectiveness ofa policy of energy diversification as the promotion of biofuels depends on the economic benefitsand political rents generated by expanding the use of ethanol. These restrictions can beextrapolated as part of the cost-effectiveness analysis of public policies related to the sector in other countries. ; Los costes de la dependencia del petróleo, los costes externos medioambientales de los combustibles fósiles, o la promoción del desarrollo agrícola, hanjustificado una serie de medidas de intervención estatal para expandir el mercado interno de losbiocarburantes, en el supuesto de que la intervención del Estado es condición necesaria ysuficiente para lograr este objetivo. Después de analizar en perspectiva histórica los elementospolíticos y económicos en el sector del etanol de Brasil, en este artículo se argumenta que laexpansión o contracción del mercado no debe entenderse como el efecto de unas políticasdeterminadas por el Estado regulador. En este sentido, sostenemos que las tendencias en eldesarrollo del mercado reflejan los efectos de una relación subyacente anterior, que estádeterminada por la convergencia o divergencia en el tiempo de los costos de oportunidad delgobierno y de la agroindustria. Nuestro análisis muestra que la eficacia de una política dediversificación energética como la promoción de los biocombustibles depende de los beneficioseconómicos y de las rentas políticas generadas por la expansión del uso de etanol. Estasrestricciones se pueden extrapolar como parte del análisis de costo-efectividad de las políticaspúblicas relacionadas con el sector en otros países.

© 2019, The Author(s). This paper concludes a special feature of Sustainability Science that explores a broad range of social value theoretical traditions, such as religious studies, social psychology, indigenous knowledge, economics, sociology, and philosophy. We introduce a novel transdisciplinary conceptual framework that revolves around concepts of 'lenses' and 'tensions' to help navigate value diversity. First, we consider the notion of lenses: perspectives on value and valuation along diverse dimensions that describe what values focus on, how their sociality is envisioned, and what epistemic and procedural assumptions are made. We characterise fourteen of such dimensions. This provides a foundation for exploration of seven areas of tension, between: (1) the values of individuals vs collectives; (2) values as discrete and held vs embedded and constructed; (3) value as static or changeable; (4) valuation as descriptive vs normative and transformative; (5) social vs relational values; (6) different rationalities and their relation to value integration; (7) degrees of acknowledgment of the role of power in navigating value conflicts. In doing so, we embrace the 'mess' of diversity, yet also provide a framework to organise this mess and support and encourage active transdisciplinary collaboration. We identify key research areas where such collaborations can be harnessed for sustainability transformation. Here it is crucial to understand how certain social value lenses are privileged over others and build capacity in decision-making for understanding and drawing on multiple value, epistemic and procedural lenses.