Suchergebnisse

Transcrição, traduzida para o português, da "Lettre de Jean-François, Biassou et Belair", introduzida pela tradução do artigo:
Jeremy D. Popkin, "A Haitian Revolutionary Manifesto? New Perspectives on the 'Letter of Jean-François, Biassou, and Belair'", Slavery and Abolition, v. 43, n. 1 (2021), pp. 3-19.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Web 2.0 technologies have enhanced relational dynamics in fan communities. Indie music fans significantly identify themselves with the genre and participate in these communities within a music industry reinvention scenario. Based on the Foucauldian perspective, by sharing knowledge about media products, fans manifest truths capable of expressing subjectivities - parrhesia, a way of mutually affecting different truths. Thus, the aim of the present study is to analyze how parrhesia is operated in interactions among indie music fans. Originality/value: The present research expands an important theoretical-investigative path in the consumer culture theory (CCT) field by adopting Michel Foucault's later theoretical cycle, which addresses the construction of subjectivities. Design/methodology/approach: Netnography of interactions among indie music fans was carried out in one of the largest online discussion forums on the topic. Findings: Heated discussions observed in the investigated community often create a split that shows a dispute focused on defining what being an indie music fan means. Based on disruptive parrhesia anchored in moral backgrounds associated with erudition and collectivism versus hedonism and individuality, self-declared true fans and those who seek fun establish alter-subjectivities as hipsters and posers.

Background: Chemoprophylaxis is an effective tool for individuals to minimize their risk of contracting malaria and serves an important public health role in preventing imported malaria. Yet, it is only effective if the traveller is fully compliant with the prescribed regimen. For many destinations, a choice of prophylactic agents is available, so historical compliance data can be helpful for both physicians and travellers to make an informed decision. Methods: We analyzed the historical self-reported compliance data for six chemoprophy-lactic agents currently recommended by CDC for primary malaria chemoprophylaxis by searching PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Scopus for observational studies reporting on travelers within the last 25 years. The quality of data was graded as "good" or "poor" using the NIH quality assessment tool for cohort and cross-sectional studies. Cumulative compliance data were compiled for all studies (gross compliance) and the subgroup of studies with "good" quality evidence (refined compliance). Subgroup analyses were performed for weekly vs daily administered regimens, between military and civilian travelers, and across each prophylactic agent. Results: Twenty-four eligible studies assessed compliance for mefloquine (n=20), atova-quone-proguanil (n=11), doxycycline (n=13), and chloroquine (n=3). No studies were found for primaquine or tafenoquine. Both gross and refined compliance were significantly better for weekly regimens than daily regimens (P<0.0001). Stopping chemoprophylaxis due to adverse events was significantly more for doxycycline (P<0.0001) compared to other drugs. Compliance was significantly worse in military travelers, but they were also more likely to be prescribed doxycycline. Conclusion: Malaria chemoprophylaxis for a traveler should depend on prevailing resis-tance patterns at destination, current national guidelines, and patient preferences. However, when there is a choice, historical compliance data are useful to select a regimen that the traveler is more likely to comply with.

La competitividad es uno de los temas más usualmente referenciados por la teoría económica en los últimos decenios. No obstante, también es uno de los más controvertidos. Este artículo pretende enfocar la discusión sobre la conceptualización de los aspectos que hacen a la competitividad de los destinos turísticos, a partir de una revisión de los enfoques conceptuales y visiones sobre el tema que han guiado el pensamiento económico sobre el tema en los últimos veinte años. Se identifican algunos factores clave que hacen a la competitividad de destinos turísticos; a) la diversidad de variables empíricas que se utilizan como determinantes competitivos, b) la aún oscura relación entre competitividad y calidad de vida, y c) el papel de los gobiernos locales en su fomento. El elemento fundamental para la formulación y puesta en marcha de estrategias competitivas deberá ser en primer lugar el diálogo y, en segundo lugar, la promoción de instituciones que incentiven una cultura de la cooperación y el desarrollo institucional como base de la pirámide que da por resultado la mejora de los factores de competitividad de destinos turísticos. ; ABSTRACT: Competitiveness is one of the most often referenced topics by economic theory in recent decades. However, it is also one of the most controversial. This article aims to focus the discussion on the conceptualization of the issues around tourist destinations competitiveness, starting from a review of the conceptual approaches and views on the subject in the last twenty years. A numer of tourism destinations competitiveness key factors are identified: a) the diversity of empirical variables conceived as competitiveness push factors. b) the still dark relationship between competitiveness and quality of life, and c) the role of local governments in fostering competitiveness . The key elements for the formulation and implementation of competitive strategies must be at first, dialogue, and secondly, the promotion of institutions that encourage a culture of cooperation and institutional development as a base for improving tourist destinations competitiveness.

The federal government's strategy to prevent and control the number of cases of overweight, obesity, and diabetes mellitus among mexicans, failed to achieve its goals despite the million-dollar investment in the mass media; the program "Check yourself, measure yourself, move yourself" from its inception it lacked performance indicators, it was not supported by medical evidence, it lacked validated instruments, it had serious deficiencies in its implementation and far from decreasing the number of cases, in fact, the prevalence of these conditions increased, the conclusions issued by the Superior Audit of Federation was demonstrated widely and this led to the definitive cancellation of the advertising strategy yourself "Check yourself, measure yourself, move yourself" and questioning preventive programs such as "prevenIMSS". Mexico today has more obese, diabetic and hypertensive patients than before the implementation of such strategies and with fewer financial resources to combat the excessive growth of non-communicable diseases, therefore the relevance of designing a new national strategy against obesity and diabetes based on the impact indicators of internationally validated programs, which have proven their effectiveness in managing these conditions through the implementation of randomized clinical trials endorsed by the WHO. ; La estrategia del gobierno federal para prevenir y controlar el número de casos de sobrepeso, la obesidad y la diabetes mellitus entre los mexicanos, fracasó en el logro de sus objetivos a pesar de la millonaria inversión en medios de comunicación masiva, el programa desde su nacimiento carecía de indicadores de desempeño, no se sustentó en evidencias médicas, carecía de instrumentos validados, presentó graves deficiencias en su implementación y lejos de disminuir el número de casos, en realidad, la prevalencia de estos padecimientos aumentó, las conclusiones emitidas por la Auditoría Superior de la Federación así lo demostraron y ello llevó a la cancelación definitiva de la estrategia publicitaria chécate mídete muévete y al cuestionamiento de programas de carácter preventivo como el prevenIMSS. México cuenta hoy con más pacientes obesos, diabéticos e hipertensos que antes de la implementación de tales estrategias y con menores recursos económicos para combatir el desmesurado crecimiento de las enfermedades no transmisibles, por ello se debe analizar la pertinencia de diseñar una nueva estrategia nacional contra la obesidad y la diabetes basados en los indicadores de impacto de programas internacionalmente validados, que han probado su eficacia en el manejo de estas condiciones mediante la instrumentación de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados avalados por la OMS.

The forest-grassland mosaics of southern Brazil have been subject to many land use and policy changes over the decades. Like many grasslands around the world, the Campos grasslands are declining with few conservation efforts underway. In contrast, forests receive much attention and many incentives. It is hypothesized that perception of land cover has the potential to shape ecosystems. Here we conduct a questionnaire to further our understanding of decision-making practices that alter landscapes (Campos grassland, Araucaria forest, agriculture and plantation) and direct land policies in the region. Our analysis reveals that plantations are significantly less desirable than the other landscape types. However, plantation land use has increased by 87 % over the past few decades, as a result of industry and government incentives. The proportions of other landscape types have remained consistent over the past two decades. Restoration of native vegetation is not a priority of landowners and restoration would require a financial incentive. ; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada ; James S. McDonnell Complex Systems Scholar Award

Abstract. Category 5 Super Typhoon Bopha, the world's worst storm of 2012, formed abnormally close to the Equator, and its landfall on Mindanao set the record proximity to the Equator for its category. Its torrential rains generated an enormous debris flow in the Mayo River watershed that swept away much of the village Andap in the New Bataan municipality, burying areas under rubble as thick as 9 m and killing 566 people. Established in 1968, New Bataan had never experienced super typhoons and debris flows. This unfamiliarity compounded the death and damage. We describe Bopha's history, debris flows and the Mayo River disaster, and then we discuss how population growth contributed to the catastrophe, as well as the possibility that climate change may render other near-Equatorial areas vulnerable to hazards brought on by similar typhoons. Finally, we recommend measures to minimize the loss of life and damage to property from similar future events.

In this paper, we present a monolithic multigrid method for the efficient solution of flow problems in fractured porous media. Specifically, we consider a mixed-dimensional model which couples Darcy flow in the porous matrix with Forchheimer flow within the fractures. A suitable finite volume discretization permits to reduce the coupled problem to a system of nonlinear equations with a saddle point structure. In order to solve this system, we propose a full approximation scheme (FAS) multigrid solver that appropriately deals with the mixed-dimensional nature of the problem by using mixed-dimensional smoothing and inter-grid transfer operators. Numerical experiments show that the proposed multigrid method is robust with respect to the fracture permeability, the Forchheimer coefficient and the mesh size. The case of several possibly intersecting fractures in a heterogeneous porous medium is also discussed. ; Francisco J. Gaspar has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 705402, POROSOS. The work of Carmen Rodrigo is supported in part by the FEDER / MINECO, Spain project MTM2016-75139-R. The work of Andrés Arrarás and Laura Portero is supported in part by the FEDER / MINECO, Spain projects MTM2014-52859-P and MTM2016-75139-R.

This paper deals with the efficient numerical solution of single-phase flow problems in fractured porous media. A monolithic multigrid method is proposed for solving two-dimensional arbitrary fracture networks with vertical and/or horizontal possibly intersecting fractures. The key point is to combine two-dimensional multigrid components (smoother and intergrid transfer operators) in the porous matrix with their one-dimensional counterparts within the fractures, giving rise to a mixed-dimensional geometric multigrid method. This combination seems to be optimal since it provides an algorithm whose convergence matches the multigrid convergence factor for solving the Darcy problem. Several numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the robustness of the monolithic mixed-dimensional multigrid method with respect to the permeability of the fractures, the grid size, and the number of fractures in the network. ; The work of the first and fourth authors was supported by Spanish project PGC2018-099536-A-I00 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE). The work of the second author was supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement 705402, POROSOS. The work of the third author was partially supported by the Spanish project FEDER/MCYT MTM2016-75139-R. The work of the fourth author was supported by the DGA (Grupo de referencia APEDIF, ref. E24 17R).

In this work, an efficient blackbox-type multigrid method is proposed for solving multipoint flux approximations of the Darcy problem on logically rectangular grids. The approach is based on a cell-centered multigrid algorithm, which combines a piecewise constant interpolation and the restriction operator by Wesseling/Khalil with a line-wise relaxation procedure. A local Fourier analysis is performed for the case of a Cartesian uniform grid. The method shows a robust convergence for different full tensor coefficient problems and several rough quadrilateral grids. ; Francisco J. Gaspar has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under the Marie Skłodowska–Curie grant agreement no. 705402, POROSOS. The work of Laura Portero is supported by the Spanish project MTM2016-75139-R (AEI/FEDER, UE) and the Young Researchers Programme 2018 from the Public University of Navarre. Andrés Arrarás acknowledges support from the Spanish project PGC2018-099536-A-I00 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) and the Young Researchers Programme 2018 from the Public University of Navarre. The work of Carmen Rodrigo is supported by the Spanish project PGC2018-099536-A-I00 (MCIU/AEI/FEDER, UE) and the DGA (Grupo de referencia APEDIF, ref. E24_17R).