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[spa] Este trabajo aborda en general sobre la relación dada entre ontología y política a partir de la obra del filósofo contemporáneo Gilles Deleuze (1925-1995). Específicamente, se analizan los conceptos de sociedad y deseo, bajo dos perspectivas filosóficas contrapuestas. Por un lado, una concepción negativa y dialéctica de la relación sociedad-deseo, que exige confrontar las filosofías de Platón, Aristóteles y algunos pensadores modernos, entre ellos: Descartes, Kant, Hegel y Freud; ello bajo el punto de vista crítico que se sostiene desde la ontología de la pura diferencia de Deleuze, punto de vista que se dirige contra la concepción moral de la cultura occidental. Por otro lado, se aborda la concepción afirmativa de la relación sociedad-deseo. Destacando la recepción de las obras de Spinoza, Nietzsche, Hume y Bergson, por parte de Deleuze. Recepción que permite restituir el valor y estatuto ontológico de la naturaleza, el cuerpo, la afectividad, las pasiones y el deseo bajo un sentido inmanente. Finalmente, se trata la teoría general de la sociedad y las sociedades que implica la ontología social de Deleuze y Félix Guattari. Y más específicamente, explicamos el concepto de socius o superficie de inscripción, fundado en la teoría de un inconsciente maquínico trascendental, diverso del concepto de inconsciente individual y personológico sustentado por la tradición psicoanalítica. Mostrando a la vez las aplicaciones de este concepto para desarrollar un análisis social y político diferencial que prescinde de la concepción historicista de la cultura occidental. En efecto, se tratan tres modelos de regímenes de signos o formaciones sociales: un régimen de signos pre-significante, que atañe al socius primitivo o sociedades del marcaje; un régimen de signos significante que atañe al socius bárbaro despótico o sistema de esclavitud maquínico general; y, por último, un régimen de signos post-significante, pasional-autoritario, inherente al socius capitalista o sociedades modernas, régimen que implica el concepto de servidumbre voluntaria. En el epílogo conclusivo de nuestro trabajo sintetizamos todo nuestro trayecto, a la vez que lo matizamos a partir de la interpretación de Deleuze del pensamiento de David Hume. Siendo esta la forma de destacar la concepción afirmativa de la sociedad de Deleuze fundada en el proyecto de Hume de sustituir una psicología del espíritu por una psicología de las afecciones del espíritu. Teniendo como elementos capitales las afecciones de lo pasional y lo social. ; [eng] This paper deals on the relation between ontology and politics from the work of the philosopher Gilles Deleuze. Specifically, the concepts of society and desire are analyzed, from two opposite perspectives. On the one hand, a negative and dialectical conception of the society-desire relationship, which demands to confront the philosophies of Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, Kant, Hegel and Freud; This under the critical point of view that is sustained from the ontology of Deleuze's pure difference. On the other hand, the affirmative conception of the society-desire relationship is addressed. Highlighting the reception of the works of Spinoza, Nietzsche, Hume and Bergson, by Deleuze. Finally, it treats the general theory of the society that implies the social ontology of Deleuze. And more specifically, the concept of socius or inscription surface, based on the theory of a transcendental machinic unconscious. Showing at the same time the applications of this concept to develop a differential social and political analysis. In fact, three models of regimes of signs or social forms are treated: a pre- signifying regime of signs that concerns the primitive socius; A significant regime of signs that concerns the despotic barbarian socius; And, finally, a post-signifying, passionate-authoritarian regime of signs inherent in the capitalist society or modern societies.

This work was supported by the AXA Research Fund and the CSIC Intramural grant No. 201440I017 to G.R., the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sports FPU fellowship AP2012-3751 to E.M., the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness grants No. AGL2013-49919-EXP and No. BIO2011-26741 to J.-A.D. and No. BFU2011-24691 to J.F.P., and the European Union grant No. FP7-KBBE-613745 (Programming synthetic networks for bio-based production of value chemicals) to A.J. ; Peer reviewed

As genomic architectures become more complex, they begin to accumulate degenerate and redundant elements. However, analyses of the molecular mechanisms underlying these genetic architecture features remain scarce, especially in compact but sufficiently complex genomes. In the present study, we followed a proteomic approach together with a computational network analysis to reveal molecular signatures of protein function degeneracy from a plant virus (as virus-host protein-protein interactions). We employed affinity purification coupled to mass spectrometry to detect several host factors interacting with two proteins of Citrus tristeza virus (p20 and p25) that are known to function as RNA silencing suppressors, using an experimental system of transient expression in a model plant. The study was expanded by considering two different isolates of the virus, and some key interactions were confirmed by bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays. We found that p20 and p25 target a common set of plant proteins including chloroplastic proteins and translation factors. Moreover, we noted that even specific targets of each viral protein overlap in function. Notably, we identified argonaute proteins (key players in RNA silencing) as reliable targets of p20. Furthermore, we found that these viral proteins preferentially do not target hubs in the host protein interactome, but elements that can transfer information by bridging different parts of the interactome. Overall, our results demonstrate that two distinct proteins encoded in the same viral genome that overlap in function also overlap in their interactions with the cell proteome, thereby highlighting an overlooked connection from a degenerate viral system. ; This work was supported by the grants PROMETEO/2019/012 from the Valencian Regional Government (to SA), as well as grants AGL2010-20221/AGR, BIO2017-83184-R, and PGC2018-101410-B-I00 from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation, and Universities (to SA, JAD, and GR, respectively). The two latter grants were co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund. ; Peer reviewed

This work was supported in part by the Spanish MINECO Project AGL2015-65246-R co-financed by EU FEDER, MINECO Project AGL2011-26957, and the Bilateral agreements of Scientific and Technological Cooperation between the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) and the Italian National Research Council (CNR). Funding for this project was provided through TRADITOM. TRADITOM has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 634561. Networking activities were supported by COST action Fruit Quality FA 1106. ; Peer reviewed