Suchergebnisse

The aim of this paper is to examine the possibilities and challenges posed to the analysis of public policy implementation from a subnational perspective. It focuses on three central aspects: (1) the methodological opportunities offered by the subnational comparative method to understand public policy within countries; (2) the intersection of the economy and demography as conditioner of the localization of needs and the formation of spatially heterogeneous demands; and (3) the spatial specialization of provision due to variations in institutional structures and policy design. These ideas are illustrated using Brazilian social policies as cases in order to demonstrate how economic, demographic and politico-institutional characteristics at the subnational level alter the implementation of public policies and, therefore, generate inequalities of access to welfare.

Este artigo investiga o impacto da diversidade de denominações religiosas de cunho evangélico no nível municipal sobre a proporção de votos obtidos pelos deputados eleitos que representam esse grupo demográfico. Para alcançar tais propósitos, utilizamos dados demográficos e eleitorais, assim como relativos à composição da bancada evangélica no congresso para as eleições de 2014. Comparamos o efeito da diversidade confessional nos municípios entre dois grupos de deputados eleitos: evangélicos e não-evangélicos. Verificamos que quanto o maior número de igrejas evangélicas com representação no município, maior a proporção de votos obtida pelos deputados evangélicos. O controle do efeito da diversidade confessional no desempenho eleitoral pelos outros parlamentares também nos permitiu confirmar que o efeito observado era exclusivo de deputados evangélicos, não sendo reproduzido em outros representantes. Os resultados aportam evidências empíricas consistentes a favor da hipótese de que existe complementaridade entre denominações religiosas no que se refere ao voto.

This article investigates the electorally expressed ideology of Brazilian voters via ecological analysis at the municipal level between 1994 and 2018. Our purpose is to analyze the main conditioners of aggregated patterns of ideology measured at a high spatial resolution. We test four major explanations for the variation in ideology at the municipal level: the effect of incumbent alignments, social modernization, political pluralism, and social inclusion. We find that although the Brazilian electorate as a whole leans to the right, there has been a 'gravitational effect' exerted by presidential incumbents over local ideology, and during the PT years this was visible in municipal outcomes. However, the vast majority of municipalities tended to the right even during the period of PT national government. During the late Dilma Rousseff years there was a return to a more conservative vote-revealed ideology at the local level, with a sharper veer to the right in the 2016 municipal and 2018 federal elections under Michel Temer. Overall, when we examine local voting in PR elections, we observe that there was no durable electoral realignment in the period under study.

¿Cuál es el patrón territorial de la organización de los partidos brasileños? ¿Qué relación presenta con la estructura del sistema partidario? Para responder a dichas cuestiones, este artículo posee tres objetivos. Primero, investigar el patrón sistemático de organización y afiliación partidaria. Segundo, llevar a cabo un análisis exploratorio de la distribución territorial de la organización de los partidos brasileños. Tercero, producir hipótesis sobre relaciones causales entre organización partidaria, estructura del sistema y desempeño electoral. Teóricamente, este trabajo se basará en los estudios de Panebianco (2005 [1988]), así como empleará de modo extensivo análisis más recientes como los de Katz y Mair (1995) y Gunther y Diamond (2001). La metodología empleada será, predominantemente, el análisis exploratorio espacial de datos. Los resultados revelan que ha habido un movimiento constante de expansión de las bases de afiliación de los partidos y se manifiesta una diferencia estructural en la organización de los grandes partidos nacionales y los pequeños partidos, de carácter regional y con pequeña capacidad de atracción del electorado a sus filas. ; What is the territorial pattern of Brazilian political parties? What kind of relation this spatiality present with the party system? In order to answer these questions, this articles focus on three main objectives. Firstly, it will investigate the systematic pattern of political organization and affiliation in Brazilian municipalities. Secondly, it will perform an exploratory analysis of the spatial distribution of the political parties' organization in Brazil. Third, it will produce some tentative hypotheses concerning the causal relations between party organization, party system structure, and electoral performance. Teoretically, this work will be based on the work of Panebianco (2005 [1988]), as well as it will employ extensively some more recent analyses such as those from Katz and Mair (1995) and Gunther and Diamond (2003). The methodology used will, most of all, perform an Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (esda). The results reveal that there were a constant movement towards expansion of party affiliation in Brazilian territory and it is manifested through a structural difference between large (with national territorial coverage) and small parties (mostly regional) in terms of party organization.

What is the territorial pattern of Brazilian political parties? What kind of relation this spatiality present with the party system? In order to answer these questions, this articles focus on three main objectives. Firstly, it will investigate the systematic pattern of political organization and affiliation in Brazilian municipalities. Secondly, it will perform an exploratory analysis of the spatial distribution of the political parties' organization in Brazil. Third, it will produce some tentative hypotheses concerning the causal relations between party organization, party system structure, and electoral performance. Teoretically, this work will be based on the work of Panebianco (2005 [1988]), as well as it will employ extensively some more recent analyses such as those from Katz and Mair (1995) and Gunther and Diamond (2003). The methodology used will, most of all, perform an Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (esda). The results reveal that there were a constant movement towards expansion of party affiliation in Brazilian territory and it is manifested through a structural difference between large (with national territorial coverage) and small parties (mostly regional) in terms of party organization. ; ¿Cuál es el patrón territorial de la organización de los partidos brasileños? ¿Qué relación presenta con la estructura del sistema partidario? Para responder a dichas cuestiones, este artículo posee tres objetivos. Primero, investigar el patrón sistemático de organización y afiliación partidaria. Segundo, llevar a cabo un análisis exploratorio de la distribución territorial de la organización de los partidos brasileños. Tercero, producir hipótesis sobre relaciones causales entre organización partidaria, estructura del sistema y desempeño electoral. Teóricamente, este trabajo se basará en los estudios de Panebianco (2005 [1988]), así como empleará de modo extensivo análisis más recientes como los de Katz y Mair (1995) y Gunther y Diamond (2001). La metodología empleada será, predominantemente, el análisis exploratorio espacial de datos. Los resultados revelan que ha habido un movimiento constante de expansión de las bases de afiliación de los partidos y se manifiesta una diferencia estructural en la organización de los grandes partidos nacionales y los pequeños partidos, de carácter regional y con pequeña capacidad de atracción del electorado a sus filas.