Suchergebnisse

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of replacing soybean meal (SM) with castor bean cake (DCC), detoxified using two alkaline products, on the feeding behavior and physiological parameters of Saanen and Anglo-Nubian goat breeds with an initial body weight of 16.22 ± 0.67 kg. The treatments consisted of three diets that were isoproteic and isoenergetic: the first with a standard formulation based on corn and SM, the second with DCC detoxified using calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2 DCC), and the third with DCC detoxified using sodium hydroxide (NaOH DCC). A completely randomized design with a 3 × 2 (diets and breeds) factorial arrangement and four replicates per combination was used. A dietary effect on the intake of dry matter (DM) and NDFap (P = 0.02 and 0.01) was observed, with lower values for goats fed NaOH DCC than the other diets. The diets influenced feeding and rumination times (P = 0.04 and 0.03). An interaction (P = 0.04 and 0.01) between the breeds and the SM-based diet was found for time variables (other activity and idle time). Increased feeding and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) rumination efficiencies were observed for goats fed SM and Ca(OH)2 DCC (P = 0.03 and 0.01). Goats fed the NaOH DCC diet consumed large amounts of water, while Saanen goats urinated more times than did Anglo-Nubian goats. The diets had an effect on the heart rate and rectal temperature (P = 0.01 and 0.02), while the body surface temperature was influenced by the breed. Thus, Ca(OH)2 or NaOH DCC has a great potential to replace SM in the feeding of dairy goats. When used as diet for goats in the growth phase, NaOH DCC causes a reduction of DM and NDF intakes. Neither DCC negatively affected the physiological parameters of goats.

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the substitution of soybean meal (SM) by detoxified castor cake (DCC) by two alkaline products on intake, performance and on the growth curve of goat's kids. 24 were used, Saanen goats (n=12) and Anglo Nubian (n=12), with initial body weight of 16.2±0.67 kg, initial age of 3 months and confined during the growth phase. The treatments consisted of three diets: a standard diet formulated with a traditional protein source, the soybean meal (SM); and test diets, which consisted of a protein source alternative, differing detoxification processes, on the basis of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) or sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design, in factorial 3 x 2 (diet SM, Ca(OH)2 DCC and NaOH DCC x Saanen and Anglo Nubian) totaling six sessions with four replicates each. The experimental period lasted 270 days. The non-linear models used were the Gompertz and Logistic. There was no effect (P < 0.05) of diets on the intake of nutrients, but there was no effect (P > 0.05) of breeds and interaction between both factors. The intake of DM during the phase of growth was greater for the goats fed with SM. There was no effect (P>0.05) of diets nor of the breeds in the ADG. Feed conversion was influenced (P < 0.05) by the diets, in which the goats fed diets with DCC presented better feed conversion. It has been observed that both models had good adjustments, with values numerically superior to 90%, however, the logistic model showed higher R2 and, at the same time, asymptotic index (AI). Despite the ADG be equal, the breeds presented absolute growth rate (AGR) vary over time, where the Saanen goats reached the peak first (181 days), with AGR of 0.14 kg day-1. However, even the goats Anglo Nubian reaching the highest peak late, the AGR was higher, around 0.16 kg day-1 higher than the Saanen. Both castor cake has the potential to replace the SM on a diet of goat's kids during the growth phase. The mathematical model of Logistics estimates more accurately the growth of Saanen goats and Anglo Nubian, being that the rate of absolute growth is greatest in goats Anglo Nubian.

This study aimed to evaluate the physiological parameters and the biomass flow and structural characteristics of BRS Massai and BRS Tamani grasses under different irrigation conditions. The rating of gas exchange, biomass flow and structural characteristics were performed in dry periods and dry/rainy season, under the water supply of 30; 60; 90 and 120% of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo). The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial arrangement 4x2 (water supply and grass). The experiment was conducted in pots with capacity for 7.5 dm³, using as substrate layer of 0-0.2 m soil. There was no effect (P < 0.05) between the gas exchange in the dry period, having the largest growing parameters of irrigation schemes. In the transition period of dry/rainy, we observed a reversal behavior in relation to the dry period, showing a rapid recovery of grasses under the minor water supply. It was observed quadratic behavior to concentrations of CO2 in the leaf mesophilic (Ci) with maximum point to the BRS Massai grass and minimum point to the BRS Tamani grass, where the major and minor Ci were 119 and 48 ppm in the water supply of 107 and 35% of ETo, respectively. In relation to the biomass flow, the BRS Tamani grass presented greater stem elongation rate and leaf senescence rate in relation to BRS Massai in both periods assessed. In the dry period, we observed a higher biomass production of green leaf blades in the BRS Tamani grass, while in the transition dry/rainy season, the results for this variable were similar, and at the same time that observed higher accumulation of green culm biomass to the BRS Tamani grass, which certainly affected its structure. It is concluded that the application of a minimum daily water supply of 30% of ETo allows the maintenance of BRS Massai and BRS Tamani grasses without incurring the death of tillers and reduction of regrowth vigor, whereas the water supply of 90% of ETo favors the morphophysiological characteristics, especially of BRS Tamani grass.