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THE TENNESSEE GENERAL ASSEMBLY AUTHORIZED A COMMUNITY SERVICES COMMISSION TO CONSIDER SOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS OF PUBLIC SERVICE AS A RESULT OF THE METROPOLITANIZATION OF THE NASHVILLE AREA. THE FINDINGS INDICATE THAT METROPOLITAN GOVERNMENTS MIGHT CONSIDER REFORMS THAT PERMIT NEIGHBORHOODS SOME DEGREE OF CONTROL OVER DELIVERY OF PUBLIC SERVICES IN THEIR GEOGRAPHICAL AREA.

Consumption and prices of tobacco products in Canada and the United States are compared over the period 1981 to 1989. In Canada, consumption has fallen from a higher level and at a faster rate than in the United States (3.52 kg/adult to 2.48 kg/adult vs 3.21 kg/adult to 2.48 kg/adult). With respect to cost, the real tobacco price index in Canada has grown faster than its US counterpart. These results are attributed to higher taxation practices, vigorous legislation, and the leadership role adopted by the Canadian government during the 1980s.

L'arrêt tabagique complet demeure le résultat le plus souhaitable sur le plan de la santé publique en ce qui a trait à la « réduction des méfaits ». Le présent article a pour but de présenter, à partir de la documentation scientifique internationale, les trois principales approches en matière de réduction des méfaits du tabac : réduction de la consommation tabagique, substitution et modification de produits, examen de l'efficacité de ces approches et définition des difficultés qu'elles présentent.

While millions of deaths are recorded from COVID-19 pandemic infection, the environment continues to benefits from the lockdown of cities. A descriptive cross-sectional survey aimed at assessing residents' knowledge and perception concerning air pollution and breathing experience in Port Harcourt was carried out within 20th-28th of May, 2020. Convenience and purposive non-randomized sampling methods were used to recruit 358 participants. Using descriptive and chi square test analysis, majority (74% and 24%) of the respondents were very aware or aware of air pollution and its health consequences. This varied significantly with sex, age, marital status, occupation and location (p < 0.05). Before the city's lockdown, 90.1% of respondents experienced particulate matter deposits on surfaces and during the lockdown; it reduces to 54.1% with significant difference (p < 0.05) across residential areas. Hence, age, sex, marital status, occupation and residential area likely to influence higher awareness of air pollution and not duration of stay. Also, significant difference in breathing experiences (p < 0.05) was noted, with majority reporting poor breathing experience before lockdown and good during the lockdown. Joint action of governments' policies on air pollution and high awareness among residents could be explored effectively to mitigate air pollution hazards.

Formalised knowledge systems, including universities and research institutes, are important for contemporary societies. They are, however, also arguably failing humanity when their impact is measured against the level of progress being made in stimulating the societal changes needed to address challenges like climate change. In this research we used a novel futures-oriented and participatory approach that asked what future envisioned knowledge systems might need to look like and how we might get there. Findings suggest that envisioned future systems will need to be much more collaborative, open, diverse, egalitarian, and able to work with values and systemic issues. They will also need to go beyond producing knowledge about our world to generating wisdom about how to act within it. To get to envisioned systems we will need to rapidly scale methodological innovations, connect innovators, and creatively accelerate learning about working with intractable challenges. We will also need to create new funding schemes, a global knowledge commons, and challenge deeply held assumptions. To genuinely be a creative force in supporting longevity of human and non-human life on our planet, the shift in knowledge systems will probably need to be at the scale of the enlightenment and speed of the scientific and technological revolution accompanying the second World War. This will require bold and strategic action from governments, scientists, civic society and sustained transformational intent.

Formalised knowledge systems, including universities and research institutes, are important for contemporary societies. They are, however, also arguably failing humanity when their impact is measured against the level of progress being made in stimulating the societal changes needed to address challenges like climate change. In this research we used a novel futures-oriented and participatory approach that asked what future envisioned knowledge systems might need to look like and how we might get there. Findings suggest that envisioned future systems will need to be much more collaborative, open, diverse, egalitarian, and able to work with values and systemic issues. They will also need to go beyond producing knowledge about our world to generating wisdom about how to act within it. To get to envisioned systems we will need to rapidly scale methodological innovations, connect innovators, and creatively accelerate learning about working with intractable challenges. We will also need to create new funding schemes, a global knowledge commons, and challenge deeply held assumptions. To genuinely be a creative force in supporting longevity of human and non-human life on our planet, the shift in knowledge systems will probably need to be at the scale of the enlightenment and speed of the scientific and technological revolution accompanying the second World War. This will require bold and strategic action from governments, scientists, civic society and sustained transformational intent.