Suchergebnisse

Infant births (N = 112,300) & deaths (N = 1,111) in NM are reported for Anglo, Asian, black, Hispanic (ie, Puerto Ricans, Mexican Americans, & Cubans), & Indian legitimate births. The manner in which ethnicity is currently defined is described as it is constructed from information produced by attending physicians, funeral directors, relatives, & others. An attempt is made to explain inconsistencies in ethnic code between birth & death records in these data, which included, but did not necessarily consider, both maternal & paternal ethnicity. It is shown that different ethnic classification schemes produce different rates; thus, infant mortality is partly an artifact of the data as opposed to being strictly characterisic of the ethnic group. It is recommended that the current coding system, based on biological & paternal records, be changed to a system of coding by mother's ethnicity. 3 Tables, 13 References. C. Grindle

A comparison of endogenous, exogenous, & total aggregate infant mortality rates among Hispanics, Anglos, & Indians in NM, based on infant death & birth records for the years 1974-1977 (N of deaths = 1,438; N of births = 87,798). The cause-specific rates show whether ethnic groups are differentially affected by environmental causes or inborn causes. Hispanic & Anglo rates are equivalent, but Indian rates of exogenous & total aggregate infant mortality are statistically higher than for either Anglos or Hispanics. 2 Tables, 16 References. Modified HA.

Using data from the linked National Health Interview Survey National Death Index (NHIS‐NDI), a new and unique data set, we examine the interaction of age and self‐rated health as a predictor of overall and cause‐specific mortality. Proponents of wear and tear theories argue that as the body ages, it begins to degenerate, leaving the aged in poor health and vulnerable to their ultimate mortality. We find that although the majority of the elderly rate their health as good or better, low levels of education and income contribute to poor perceived health, and the effect of age on mortality varies by level of perceived health. While the oldest old who report the poorest health experience greater risks of mortality, elders who report good health experience much lower risks. As a larger share of our population survives into old age, it is important to emphasize preventive health care policy, as well as strong economic and health care safety nets, not only to promote health but also to lengthen life.

SummaryVarious studies have enquired into the influence of socioeconomic development or public health measures on life expectancies in less developed countries. Analysis of the effect of these two groups of factors upon life expectancy, using data for 95 less developed countries, indicates that mortality is primarily influenced by such socioeconomic development measures as urbanization, industrialization, and education, and secondarily by such public health measures as access to safe water, physicians, and adequate nutrition.

Dans cet article, les auteurs calculent des tables de survie multi-états à partir de données récentes tirées de la Longitudinal Study of Aging (Enquête longitudinale sur le vieillissement) pour étudier l'espé ronce de vie sans perte d'autonomie de la population âgée des États Unis L'analyse porte sur les personnes âgées autonomes, sur celles qui sont en perte d'autonomie et sur celles qui vivent en institution Les transitions entre ces trois états sont analysées pour les années 1986 à 1988 et les auteurs donnent les premières estimations empiriques de l'espérance de vie et des transitions pour la population vivant en institution aux États Unis. Ils constatent que les personnes âgées vivent plus longtemps et en meilleure santé qu'autrefois.

The simplicity of using one data set in addressing the relationship of single variables to mortality distinguishes Living and Dying in the USA from other recent investigations of mortality. The authors use the recently released National Health Interview Survey and the National Death Index to make a definitive statement about demographics and mortality. By surveying demographic and sociocultural characteristics associated with mortality, socioeconomic effects, health-related conditions, and health status, they reveal connections among several factors related to mortality chances. Easily understood and cited, their study emphasizes the statistical methods underlying their revelations and invites readers to duplicate their results. Key Features * Comprehensive coverage of US adult mortality differentials * Based on a new and innovative data set * Includes factors rarely examined in related mortality research * Not only documents mortality differentials, but explores explanations for them * Extensive list of references associated with each chapter * Consistent, straightforward methodology used throughout aids readers in both understanding the content and in comparing results from chapter to chapter

Purpose: To identify how child health status differs by mother's educational attainment for the overall US population and by race/ethnicity and to assess whether these disparities have changed from 2000 to 2017. Design: Repeated cross-sectional data from the 2000-2017 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Setting: United States. Participants: Children aged 1 to 17 years from a nationally representative sample of the noninstitutionalized US population (N = 199 427). Measures: Reported child health status, mother's educational attainment, child's race/ethnicity, and control variables were measured using the NHIS. Analysis: Using logistic regression models, we assessed the relationship between maternal education and child health. Missing data were imputed. Results: Children whose mothers had less than a high school education (odds ratio [OR] = 3.84, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.62-4.07), high school diploma or equivalent (OR = 2.57, 95% CI: 2.44-2.70), or some college (OR = 1.90, 95% CI: 1.80-2.00) had worse reported health status compared to children whose mothers graduated college. These associations were strongest among non-Hispanic white children, with significantly ( P < .05) smaller associations observed for non-Hispanic black, Mexican origin, and other Hispanic children. The associations were smaller but persisted with inclusion of controls. From 2000 to 2017, child health disparities slightly narrowed or remained stagnant among white, non-Hispanic black, and other Hispanic children but widened for Mexican origin children ( P < .05). Conclusion: Maternal education disparities in child health are wide and have persisted.

This paper explores the relationship between body mass and risk of death among US adults. The National Health Interview Survey–Multiple Cause of Death linked data set is used for the years 1987–1997, and Cox proportional hazard models are employed to estimate the association between obesity, as measured by the body mass index (BMI), and overall, circulatory disease-specific and diabetes-specific mortality. A U-shaped relationship is found between BMI and overall mortality. Compared with normal weight individuals, mortality during the follow-up period is 34% higher among obese class II individuals and 77% higher among obese class III individuals, controlling for age and sex. A J-shaped relationship exists between circulatory disease mortality and obesity, with a slightly higher risk of death for all categories of BMI. The relationship between BMI and diabetes mortality is striking. Compared with normal weight individuals, obese class I individuals are 2·8 times as likely to die, obese class II individuals are 4·7 times as likely to die, and obese class III individuals are 9·0 times as likely to die of diabetes during the follow-up period, controlling for age and sex. These results demonstrate that obesity heightens the risk of overall and circulatory disease mortality, and even more substantially increases the risk of diabetes mortality. These mortality findings, together with the substantial recent increases in obesity, lend urgency to public health programmes aimed at reducing the prevalence and consequences of obesity.