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Factors associated with infant mortality. Countries members of who, year 2010 ; Factores asociados a la mortalidad infantil. Países miembros de la OMS, año 2010
The general objective of this study is to analyze the degree of association between infant mortality and sociodemographic, economic and environmental variables. It is a descriptive, correlational study with cross-sectional and retrospective design. Starting from data about 166 countries and using a correlation matrix, we analyze which indicators of the variables mentioned show a higher correlation index with infant mortality rate; collinearity is found with the cause of mother death and mortality due to communicable diseases. There is positive correlation with total fertility, mortality of adults between age 15 and 60, prevalence of tuberculosis and death by tuberculosis; it is thought that these indicators show social vulnerability. The indicators of education, drinking water and sewer coverage, prevalence of contraceptives and doctors every 10,000 inhabitants function asprotective agents. Gross national income per capita and government health expenditure per capita adjust as logarithms. A multiple regression allows the estimation of infant mortality according to registration rate of women at secondary school, prevalence of contraceptives and sewers. In Argentina there is no correlation between infant mortality and mother death or with provincial health expenditure per capita. ; El presente estudio tiene por objetivo general analizar el grado de asociación entre la mortalidad infantil y variables sociodemográficas, económicas y medioambientales. Su alcance es descriptivo y correlacional y el diseño retrospectivo transversal. Partiendo de datos de 166 países y mediante una matriz de correlación, analiza que indicadores de las variables mencionadas, presentan mayor índice de correlación con la tasa de mortalidad infantil, se encuentra colinealidad con la razón de muerte materna, y la mortalidad por enfermedades transmisibles. Existe correlación positiva con fecundidad total, mortalidad de adultos entre 15 y 60 años, prevalencia de tuberculosis y muerte por tuberculosis, se presume que estos indicadores revelan vulnerabilidad social. Actúan como agentes protectores, indicadores de educación, cobertura de agua potable y cloacas, prevalencia de anticonceptivos y médicos cada 10.000 habitantes. Ingreso Nacional Bruto per cápita y gasto del gobierno en salud per cápita, ajustan como logaritmo. Una regresión múltiple permite estimar la mortalidad infantil en función de la tasa de matriculación de la mujer a escuela secundaria, prevalencia de anticonceptivos y desagües cloacales. En Argentina no se observa correlación de la mortalidad infantil con la muerte materna, ni con el gasto provincial en salud por habitante.
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Factors associated with infant mortality. Countries members of who, year 2010 ; Factores asociados a la mortalidad infantil. Países miembros de la OMS, año 2010
The general objective of this study is to analyze the degree of association between infant mortality and sociodemographic, economic and environmental variables. It is a descriptive, correlational study with cross-sectional and retrospective design. Starting from data about 166 countries and using a correlation matrix, we analyze which indicators of the variables mentioned show a higher correlation index with infant mortality rate; collinearity is found with the cause of mother death and mortality due to communicable diseases. There is positive correlation with total fertility, mortality of adults between age 15 and 60, prevalence of tuberculosis and death by tuberculosis; it is thought that these indicators show social vulnerability. The indicators of education, drinking water and sewer coverage, prevalence of contraceptives and doctors every 10,000 inhabitants function asprotective agents. Gross national income per capita and government health expenditure per capita adjust as logarithms. A multiple regression allows the estimation of infant mortality according to registration rate of women at secondary school, prevalence of contraceptives and sewers. In Argentina there is no correlation between infant mortality and mother death or with provincial health expenditure per capita. ; El presente estudio tiene por objetivo general analizar el grado de asociación entre la mortalidad infantil y variables sociodemográficas, económicas y medioambientales. Su alcance es descriptivo y correlacional y el diseño retrospectivo transversal. Partiendo de datos de 166 países y mediante una matriz de correlación, analiza que indicadores de las variables mencionadas, presentan mayor índice de correlación con la tasa de mortalidad infantil, se encuentra colinealidad con la razón de muerte materna, y la mortalidad por enfermedades transmisibles. Existe correlación positiva con fecundidad total, mortalidad de adultos entre 15 y 60 años, prevalencia de tuberculosis y muerte por tuberculosis, se presume que estos indicadores revelan vulnerabilidad social. Actúan como agentes protectores, indicadores de educación, cobertura de agua potable y cloacas, prevalencia de anticonceptivos y médicos cada 10.000 habitantes. Ingreso Nacional Bruto per cápita y gasto del gobierno en salud per cápita, ajustan como logaritmo. Una regresión múltiple permite estimar la mortalidad infantil en función de la tasa de matriculación de la mujer a escuela secundaria, prevalencia de anticonceptivos y desagües cloacales. En Argentina no se observa correlación de la mortalidad infantil con la muerte materna, ni con el gasto provincial en salud por habitante.
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Health, rent, education and service coverage ; Salud, renta, educación y cobertura de servicios
In this work we study the grouping and the position in their respective groups of 192 world countries with regard to economic resources, education, health and service coverage. We aim at showing that different economic development levels do not always go together with similar social indicators. This is a descriptive correlational study with retrospective and transversal design.The variables indicating the differences are mother-child health condition, mortality rate regarding non-communicable diseases adjusted by age, Total Fertility Rate, adult literacy, women registration in secondary school, delivery assisted by qualified staff, sanitary fittings and drinkable water services, GNI per capita and central government expenditure on health per capita in US dollars.Five classes of countries are recognized. The first is made up of all North American and Western European countries and a few other industrialized countries in other areas. They present the best health, socio-demographic, coverage and economic indicators. The second class is mainly composed of most Eastern and Centro European countries and all the countries in Central Asia; they present the same socio-demographic and coverage indicators as the first class but not similar health or economic indicators. The third comprises countries with medium-low incomes, characterized by not very good health, education or coverage indicators. The forth class represents most Latin American, Caribbean and Arab countries with medium-high incomes and indicators similar to those in class two. Finally the fifth class is composed of poorly developed countries, mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa with bad indicators.Argentina is placed in the fourth class with very good socioeconomic, health and service coverage indicators. ; Este trabajo estudia el agrupamiento, y la ubicación en sus grupos de 192 países en el mundo, en relación a sus recursos económicos, educación, salud, y cobertura de servicios. Se busca mostrar que diferentes niveles de desarrollo económico, no siempre se acompañan con similares indicadores sociales. Tiene un alcance, descriptivo y correlacional, el diseño es retrospectivo transversal.Las variables que marcan las diferencias son el estado de salud materno infantil, tasa de mortalidad por enfermedades no transmisibles, ajustada por edad, tasa de fecundidad total (TFT), alfabetización de adultos, matrícula de la mujer a escuela secundaria, parto atendido por personal cualificado, servicios de agua potable y saneamiento, ingreso nacional bruto (INB) por cápita y gasto del gobierno central en salud, por cápita en dólares.Se distinguen cinco clases de países, la primera clase está integrada por todos los países de América del Norte y Europa Occidental, y unos pocos industrializados de otras regiones; poseen los mejores indicadores de salud, sociodemográficos, cobertura y económicos; la segunda clase se halla integrada principalmente por la mayoría de los países de Europa Central y Oriental y todos los de Asia Central, poseen iguales indicadores socio demográficos y de cobertura que la primera clase, pero no ocurre lo mismo con los indicadores de salud y económicos, la tercera clase agrupa a países de ingreso medio bajo, se caracterizan por regulares indicadores de salud, educación y cobertura. La cuarta clase representa a la mayoría de los países de América Latina y El Caribe y a la mayoría de los países Árabes, con ingresos medio altos e indicadores similares a la clase 2; por último la quinta clase, corresponde a los países poco desarrollados, principalmente de África Sub Sahariana, con malos indicadores de toda clase.Argentina se encuentra posicionada en la cuarta clase, con muy buenos indicadores socioeconómicos, de salud y cobertura de servicios.
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Health, rent, education and service coverage ; Salud, renta, educación y cobertura de servicios
In this work we study the grouping and the position in their respective groups of 192 world countries with regard to economic resources, education, health and service coverage. We aim at showing that different economic development levels do not always go together with similar social indicators. This is a descriptive correlational study with retrospective and transversal design.The variables indicating the differences are mother-child health condition, mortality rate regarding non-communicable diseases adjusted by age, Total Fertility Rate, adult literacy, women registration in secondary school, delivery assisted by qualified staff, sanitary fittings and drinkable water services, GNI per capita and central government expenditure on health per capita in US dollars.Five classes of countries are recognized. The first is made up of all North American and Western European countries and a few other industrialized countries in other areas. They present the best health, socio-demographic, coverage and economic indicators. The second class is mainly composed of most Eastern and Centro European countries and all the countries in Central Asia; they present the same socio-demographic and coverage indicators as the first class but not similar health or economic indicators. The third comprises countries with medium-low incomes, characterized by not very good health, education or coverage indicators. The forth class represents most Latin American, Caribbean and Arab countries with medium-high incomes and indicators similar to those in class two. Finally the fifth class is composed of poorly developed countries, mainly in Sub-Saharan Africa with bad indicators.Argentina is placed in the fourth class with very good socioeconomic, health and service coverage indicators. ; Este trabajo estudia el agrupamiento, y la ubicación en sus grupos de 192 países en el mundo, en relación a sus recursos económicos, educación, salud, y cobertura de servicios. Se busca mostrar que diferentes niveles de desarrollo económico, no siempre se acompañan con similares indicadores sociales. Tiene un alcance, descriptivo y correlacional, el diseño es retrospectivo transversal.Las variables que marcan las diferencias son el estado de salud materno infantil, tasa de mortalidad por enfermedades no transmisibles, ajustada por edad, tasa de fecundidad total (TFT), alfabetización de adultos, matrícula de la mujer a escuela secundaria, parto atendido por personal cualificado, servicios de agua potable y saneamiento, ingreso nacional bruto (INB) por cápita y gasto del gobierno central en salud, por cápita en dólares.Se distinguen cinco clases de países, la primera clase está integrada por todos los países de América del Norte y Europa Occidental, y unos pocos industrializados de otras regiones; poseen los mejores indicadores de salud, sociodemográficos, cobertura y económicos; la segunda clase se halla integrada principalmente por la mayoría de los países de Europa Central y Oriental y todos los de Asia Central, poseen iguales indicadores socio demográficos y de cobertura que la primera clase, pero no ocurre lo mismo con los indicadores de salud y económicos, la tercera clase agrupa a países de ingreso medio bajo, se caracterizan por regulares indicadores de salud, educación y cobertura. La cuarta clase representa a la mayoría de los países de América Latina y El Caribe y a la mayoría de los países Árabes, con ingresos medio altos e indicadores similares a la clase 2; por último la quinta clase, corresponde a los países poco desarrollados, principalmente de África Sub Sahariana, con malos indicadores de toda clase.Argentina se encuentra posicionada en la cuarta clase, con muy buenos indicadores socioeconómicos, de salud y cobertura de servicios.
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Sustainable development in developing countries: The African, Caribbean and pacific observatory /Darnus vystymasis besivystančiose šalyse: Afrikos, Karibų ir ramiojo vandenyno valstybių apžvalga
Freshwater, aquaculture, fisheries, biodiversity, forests, and agricultural land have high economic and social value throughout the Africa, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) region; but they can also be over‐exploited, with damaging consequences for local economies, long term stability and for the Earth system as a whole – especially the climate system. The ACP's fast growing population puts growing pressure on the environment to provide food, water and fibre, on the regions' urban centres and transport networks, and on energy sources. Information on the location, condition and evolution of resources is an important step towards sustainability, but unfortunately such information can be hard to get. Earth observing satellite technology combined with geographical information management can help fill the information gap. In this objective, and because of its unique position to support the implementation of advanced interoperable geospatial technologies, the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission (EC) is setting‐up of an "Observatory for sustainable development" as single portal to support decision‐making for development in the fields of natural resource and food security. The African Union and European Union recognise the importance of this service and are beginning to develop this capacity as part of the AU EU joint strategic partnership. This paper describes the needs, and presents the first steps taken by the JRC and by the joint partnership in harnessing space technologies to help meet Millennium Development Goals, in particular eradication of poverty, and environmental sustainability. Santrauka Gėlasis vanduo, akvakultūra, žuvininkystė, biologinė įvairovė, miškų ir žemės ūkio paskirties žemė turi didėlę ekonominę ir socialinę vertę visoje Afrikoje, Karibų ir Ramiojo vandenyno (AKR) valstybių regione, bet šie veiksniai gali būti per daug eksploatuojami ir tureti žalingų padarinių vietinei ekonomikai, ilgalaikiam stabilumui ir visai Žemės sistemai, ypač klimato sistemai. Dėl greitai augančio AKR gyventojų skaičiaus regionų miestų centruose transporto tinklų ir energijos šaltinių vietose dideja aplinkos naudojimo mastas, siekiant gyventojus aprūpinti maistu, vandeniu ir lasteliena. Informacija apie vietoves išteklius, išteklių būklę ir raidą yra svarbus žingsnis siekiant darnos, bet, dėja, tokia informacija sunku surinkti. Žemės stebejimo palydovais technologija, sujungta su geografines informacijos valdymu, gali padėti užpildyti šios informacijos spragą. Dėl šio tikslo ir dėl unikalios padėties, siekiant diegti pažangias tarpusavyje saveikaujančias geoerdvines technologijas, Europos Komisijos (EK) jungtinis tyrimu centras (JTC) yra įkūręs Darnaus vystymosi observatorijas kaip viena portalą, kad palaikytų sprendimų priemimo plėtote gamtinių išteklių ir maisto saugumo srityse. Afrikos Sąjunga (AS) ir Europos Sąjunga (ES) pripažįsta šios paslaugos svarbą ir pradėjo plėtoti šiuos pajėgumus kaip dali strateginės AS ir ES partnerystės. Straipsnyje pristatomi pirmieji žingsniai, žengti AKR valstybių, plėtojant jungtinę partnerystę kosminių technologijų srityje, siekiant spręsti tūkstantmečio tikslus – mažinti skurdą ir tobulinti darnų aplinkos vystymą. First published online: 10 Feb 2011 Reikšminiai žodžiai:gamtos išteklių valdymas,nuotolinis stebėjimas,kosminis,stebėjimas,žemės stebėjimas,geografines informacijos valdymas,darnus vystymasis,Afrika,AKR
BASE
Sustainable development in developing countries: The African, Caribbean and pacific observatory
Freshwater, aquaculture, fisheries, biodiversity, forests, and agricultural land have high economic and social value throughout the Africa, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) region; but they can also be over‐exploited, with damaging consequences for local economies, long term stability and for the Earth system as a whole – especially the climate system. The ACP's fast growing population puts growing pressure on the environment to provide food, water and fibre, on the regions' urban centres and transport networks, and on energy sources. Information on the location, condition and evolution of resources is an important step towards sustainability, but unfortunately such information can be hard to get. Earth observing satellite technology combined with geographical information management can help fill the information gap. In this objective, and because of its unique position to support the implementation of advanced interoperable geospatial technologies, the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European Commission (EC) is setting‐up of an "Observatory for sustainable development" as single portal to support decision‐making for development in the fields of natural resource and food security. The African Union and European Union recognise the importance of this service and are beginning to develop this capacity as part of the AU EU joint strategic partnership. This paper describes the needs, and presents the first steps taken by the JRC and by the joint partnership in harnessing space technologies to help meet Millennium Development Goals, in particular eradication of poverty, and environmental sustainability. Article in English. Darnus vystymasis besivystančiose šalyse: Afrikos, Karibų ir Ramiojo vandenyno valstybių apžvalga Santrauka.Gėlasis vanduo, akvakultūra, žuvininkystė, biologinė įvairovė, miškų ir žemės ūkio paskirties žemė turi didėlę ekonominę ir socialinę vertę visoje Afrikoje, Karibų ir Ramiojo vandenyno (AKR) valstybių regione, bet šie veiksniai gali būti per daug eksploatuojami ir tureti žalingų padarinių vietinei ekonomikai, ilgalaikiam stabilumui ir visai Žemės sistemai, ypač klimato sistemai. Dėl greitai augančio AKR gyventojų skaičiaus regionų miestų centruose transporto tinklų ir energijos šaltinių vietose dideja aplinkos naudojimo mastas, siekiant gyventojus aprūpinti maistu, vandeniu ir lasteliena. Informacija apie vietoves išteklius, išteklių būklę ir raidą yra svarbus žingsnis siekiant darnos, bet, dėja, tokia informacija sunku surinkti. Žemės stebejimo palydovais technologija, sujungta su geografines informacijos valdymu, gali padėti užpildyti šios informacijos spragą. Dėl šio tikslo ir dėl unikalios padėties, siekiant diegti pažangias tarpusavyje saveikaujančias geoerdvines technologijas, Europos Komisijos (EK) jungtinis tyrimu centras (JTC) yra įkūręs Darnaus vystymosi observatorijas kaip viena portalą, kad palaikytų sprendimų priemimo plėtote gamtinių išteklių ir maisto saugumo srityse. Afrikos Sąjunga (AS) ir Europos Sąjunga (ES) pripažįsta šios paslaugos svarbą ir pradėjo plėtoti šiuos pajėgumus kaip dali strateginės AS ir ES partnerystės. Straipsnyje pristatomi pirmieji žingsniai, žengti AKR valstybių, plėtojant jungtinę partnerystę kosminių technologijų srityje, siekiant spręsti tūkstantmečio tikslus – mažinti skurdą ir tobulinti darnų aplinkos vystymą. Reikšminiai žodžiai:gamtos išteklių valdymas,nuotolinis stebėjimas,kosminis,stebėjimas,žemės stebėjimas,geografines informacijos valdymas,darnus vystymasis,Afrika,AKR. First published online: 10 Feb 2011
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Integrated care pathways for airway diseases (AIRWAYS-ICPs)
International audience ; The objective of Integrated Care Pathways for Airway Diseases (AIRWAYS-ICPs) is to launch a collaboration to develop multi-sectoral care pathways for chronic respiratory diseases in European countries and regions. AIRWAYS-ICPs has strategic relevance to the European Union Health Strategy and will add value to existing public health knowledge by: 1) proposing a common framework of care pathways for chronic respiratory diseases, which will facilitate comparability and trans-national initiatives; 2) informing cost-effective policy development, strengthening in particular those on smoking and environmental exposure; 3) aiding risk stratification in chronic disease patients, using a common strategy; 4) having a significant impact on the health of citizens in the short term (reduction of morbidity, improvement of education in children and of work in adults) and in the long-term (healthy ageing); 5) proposing a common simulation tool to assist physicians; and 6) ultimately reducing the healthcare burden (emergency visits, avoidable hospitalisations, disability and costs) while improving quality of life. In the longer term, the incidence of disease may be reduced by innovative prevention strategies. AIRWAYS-ICPs was initiated by Area 5 of the Action Plan B3 of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing. All stakeholders are involved (health and social care, patients, and policy makers).
BASE
Integrated Care Pathways for Airway Diseases (Airways-Icps)
The objective of Integrated Care Pathways for Airway Diseases (AIRWAYS-ICPs) is to launch a collaboration to develop multi-sectoral care pathways for chronic respiratory diseases in European countries and regions. AIRWAYS-ICPs has strategic relevance to the European Union Health Strategy and will add value to existing public health knowledge by: 1) proposing a common framework of care pathways for chronic respiratory diseases, which will facilitate comparability and trans-national initiatives; 2) informing cost-effective policy development, strengthening in particular those on smoking and environmental exposure; 3) aiding risk stratification in chronic disease patients, using a common strategy; 4) having a significant impact on the health of citizens in the short term (reduction of morbidity, improvement of education in children and of work in adults) and in the long-term (healthy ageing); 5) proposing a common simulation tool to assist physicians; and 6) ultimately reducing the healthcare burden (emergency visits, avoidable hospitalisations, disability and costs) while improving quality of life. In the longer term, the incidence of disease may be reduced by innovative prevention strategies. AIRWAYS-ICPs was initiated by Area 5 of the Action Plan B3 of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing. All stakeholders are involved (health and social care, patients, and policy makers).
BASE
Integrated care pathways for airway diseases (AIRWAYS-ICPs)
The objective of Integrated Care Pathways for Airway Diseases (AIRWAYS-ICPs) is to launch a collaboration to develop multi-sectoral care pathways for chronic respiratory diseases in European countries and regions. AIRWAYS-ICPs has strategic relevance to the European Union Health Strategy and will add value to existing public health knowledge by: 1) proposing a common framework of care pathways for chronic respiratory diseases, which will facilitate comparability and trans-national initiatives; 2) informing cost-effective policy development, strengthening in particular those on smoking and environmental exposure; 3) aiding risk stratification in chronic disease patients, using a common strategy; 4) having a significant impact on the health of citizens in the short term (reduction of morbidity, improvement of education in children and of work in adults) and in the long-term (healthy ageing); 5) proposing a common simulation tool to assist physicians; and 6) ultimately reducing the healthcare burden (emergency visits, avoidable hospitalisations, disability and costs) while improving quality of life. In the longer term, the incidence of disease may be reduced by innovative prevention strategies. AIRWAYSICPs was initiated by Area 5 of the Action Plan B3 of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing. All stakeholders are involved (health and social care, patients, and policy makers). ; Peer reviewed
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