Suchergebnisse

Steigende Energie- und Rohstoffpreise, ein verstärktes gesellschaftliches Interesse an Energiethemen und neue Kundenanforderungen führen dazu, dass der verantwortungsvolle Umgang mit Energie als Ressource immer wichtiger wird. Das Energiemanagement bietet die Möglichkeit, Energieflüsse zu erfassen, zu bewerten, und dient als Grundlage, um Maßnahmen zur besseren Ressourcennutzung abzuleiten und umzusetzen. Während das Energiemanagement auf unterschiedlichen Ebenen1 diskutiert werden kann, befasst sich diese Kurzstudie insbesondere mit dem betrieblichen Energiemanagement in der Industrie. Trotz guter Erfolge in der Praxis und der hohen Relevanz, die dem Thema aus politischer Sicht beigemessen wird, gilt das industrielle Energiemanagement aus Sicht der Forschung als in weiten Teilen nur ansatzweise erschlossen (vgl. [Hrustic et al. 2011]). Dies gilt insbesondere, wenn es über die rein technische Umsetzung von Energieeffizienzmaßnahmen hinaus verstanden wird (vgl. [Thollander et al. 2010b, Posch 2011]). Ziel der vorliegenden Kurzstudie ist es, einen Überblick über aktuelle Themen und Entwicklungen im Bereich des betrieblichen Energiemanagements in der Industrie zu geben und Eckpunkte für künftige Weiterentwicklungen des Energiemanagements darzustellen. Zunächst wird einordnend der energiepolitische und energiewirtschaftliche Rahmen für das Energiemanagement beleuchtet (Abschnitt 2). Danach folgt eine Darstellung des Energiemanagements als Lösungsansatz und eine Diskussion von Erfahrungen und Erfolgsfaktoren des betrieblichen Energiemanagements (Abschnitt 3). Davon ausgehend werden aktuelle Entwicklung des Energiemanagements und Themen für künftige Weiterentwicklungen dargestellt (Abschnitt 4), bevor die Studie in einem abschließenden Fazit (Abschnitt 5) endet. Für eine vertiefte Betrachtung der unterschiedlichen Aspekte des Energiemanagements sind neben der zitierten Literatur im Anhang einige relevante Leitfäden und weitere Informationsquellen zusammengestellt.

The success of energy efficiency projects is often reported on an anecdotal basis relying on successful case studies. That information is important, in particular to show technological progress. Still, those highlight projects do not represent the vast majority of energy efficiency projects implemented by the market. Within the publicly available database DEEP, technological and economic data from over 10,000 energy efficiency projects has been collected by a project consortium on behalf of the European Commission. Half of them are production related industry projects. The other half comprises building projects of which a third has been implemented in the industry, too. The database covers projects from the European Union as well as the United States. In our paper, we will present an analysis of the industrial projects in the DEEP database, showing payback, avoidance costs and savings of the implemented energy efficiency measures. We will consider influencing factors such as company size, sector, type of measure and country. With our analysis, we can show in detail that cost-efficient measures exist for a broad technological scope.

Within the European Union's energy policy, the reduction of the energy demand is one of the three major targets. Focussing on the energy use of products, Ecodesign is a successful instrument in European energy efficiency policy, driving the technological development and leading to significant energy savings. The Ecodesign process is ongoing, extending its scope to currently about 40 different product groups. One of the product groups currently under investigation is steam boilers. They are widely used in industry for steam generation and important energy consumers. According to estimates, industrial steam systems account for about one third of overall industrial energy demand. Thus, improved energy efficiency in steam generation is of significant interest to both industry and policy making. The Study on Amended Ecodesign Working Plan under the Ecodesign Directive states a saving potential of 177 PJ/a (VHK 2011). At the current state, little information is available on steam boilers in Europe. Within our paper, we will discuss the process of the Ecodesign preparatory study on industrial steam boilers. According to the defined methodological steps, we will present the market situation, as well as user and technological issues for this product group. Furthermore, we will present first results of the environmental and economic assessment of various measures to improve energy efficiency.

International audience ; Better leverage of public funding is essential in order to trigger the invest-ment needed for energy efficiency. In times of austerity governments in-creasingly look at policy instruments not funded by public expenditure and Energy Savings Obligations represent one option. Because Energy Savings Obligations are paid for by all energy customers, the degree to which they are able to raise additional private capital for energy efficiency invest-ments is crucial with regard to the financial burden on consumers. In this paper, we systematically assess how successful Energy Savings Obliga-tions were in levering capital from parties other than the obligated entities including private investors and other public bodies. We analyse three countries with substantial experience with Energy Savings Obligations, identify the main design differences and the effect this has on the degree of leverage. We conclude that the design of Energy Savings Obligations largely determines the degree of leverage and that that there appears to be a trade-off between high leverage and additionality.

International audience ; Better leverage of public funding is essential in order to trigger the invest-ment needed for energy efficiency. In times of austerity governments in-creasingly look at policy instruments not funded by public expenditure and Energy Savings Obligations represent one option. Because Energy Savings Obligations are paid for by all energy customers, the degree to which they are able to raise additional private capital for energy efficiency invest-ments is crucial with regard to the financial burden on consumers. In this paper, we systematically assess how successful Energy Savings Obliga-tions were in levering capital from parties other than the obligated entities including private investors and other public bodies. We analyse three countries with substantial experience with Energy Savings Obligations, identify the main design differences and the effect this has on the degree of leverage. We conclude that the design of Energy Savings Obligations largely determines the degree of leverage and that that there appears to be a trade-off between high leverage and additionality.

International audience Better leverage of public funding is essential in order to trigger the invest-ment needed for energy efficiency. In times of austerity governments in-creasingly look at policy instruments not funded by public expenditure and Energy Savings Obligations represent one option. Because Energy Savings Obligations are paid for by all energy customers, the degree to which they are able to raise additional private capital for energy efficiency invest-ments is crucial with regard to the financial burden on consumers. In this paper, we systematically assess how successful Energy Savings Obliga-tions were in levering capital from parties other than the obligated entities including private investors and other public bodies. We analyse three countries with substantial experience with Energy Savings Obligations, identify the main design differences and the effect this has on the degree of leverage. We conclude that the design of Energy Savings Obligations largely determines the degree of leverage and that that there appears to be a trade-off between high leverage and additionality.

International audience ; Better leverage of public funding is essential in order to trigger the invest-ment needed for energy efficiency. In times of austerity governments in-creasingly look at policy instruments not funded by public expenditure and Energy Savings Obligations represent one option. Because Energy Savings Obligations are paid for by all energy customers, the degree to which they are able to raise additional private capital for energy efficiency invest-ments is crucial with regard to the financial burden on consumers. In this paper, we systematically assess how successful Energy Savings Obliga-tions were in levering capital from parties other than the obligated entities including private investors and other public bodies. We analyse three countries with substantial experience with Energy Savings Obligations, identify the main design differences and the effect this has on the degree of leverage. We conclude that the design of Energy Savings Obligations largely determines the degree of leverage and that that there appears to be a trade-off between high leverage and additionality.

International audience ; Better leverage of public funding is essential in order to trigger the invest-ment needed for energy efficiency. In times of austerity governments in-creasingly look at policy instruments not funded by public expenditure and Energy Savings Obligations represent one option. Because Energy Savings Obligations are paid for by all energy customers, the degree to which they are able to raise additional private capital for energy efficiency invest-ments is crucial with regard to the financial burden on consumers. In this paper, we systematically assess how successful Energy Savings Obliga-tions were in levering capital from parties other than the obligated entities including private investors and other public bodies. We analyse three countries with substantial experience with Energy Savings Obligations, identify the main design differences and the effect this has on the degree of leverage. We conclude that the design of Energy Savings Obligations largely determines the degree of leverage and that that there appears to be a trade-off between high leverage and additionality.

International audience ; Better leverage of public funding is essential in order to trigger the invest-ment needed for energy efficiency. In times of austerity governments in-creasingly look at policy instruments not funded by public expenditure and Energy Savings Obligations represent one option. Because Energy Savings Obligations are paid for by all energy customers, the degree to which they are able to raise additional private capital for energy efficiency invest-ments is crucial with regard to the financial burden on consumers. In this paper, we systematically assess how successful Energy Savings Obliga-tions were in levering capital from parties other than the obligated entities including private investors and other public bodies. We analyse three countries with substantial experience with Energy Savings Obligations, identify the main design differences and the effect this has on the degree of leverage. We conclude that the design of Energy Savings Obligations largely determines the degree of leverage and that that there appears to be a trade-off between high leverage and additionality.

Energy efficiency networks (EENs) have established themselves as a firm fixture in the global energy efficiency landscape. At least 21 countries and all continents except Australia have experience with energy efficiency networks to this point. The authors count 1,333 EENs worldwide, with Germany and China far ahead of other countries in terms of absolute numbers. Next, this paper offers insights from the monitoring ofthe German Initiative Energy Efficiency Networks, set up as a voluntary measure within the framework of the National Action Plan for Energy Efficiency in 2014. To date, 272 EENs have registered under this programme. The results of the accompanyingmonitoring are represented separately for different levels: that of networks, that of participating companies and that of individual energy efficiency measures implemented. Across these different levels, a large heterogeneity in terms of the mainparameters such as energy and CO2 savings can be observed, highlighting the diversity of participating companies and the contexts they operate in. Also presented are the factors which seem to contribute to the successful or less successful operation of the networks. Finally, the paper offers a short discussion on the operational and political choices faced by the potential future initiators of an energy efficiency networks initiative.

This publication presents and analyses the policies implemented in the building sector in the European Union, its Member States and Croatia and Norway. It mainly relies on the MURE database with policy measures on energy efficiency, covering all EU countries plus Croatia and Norway and also includes the quantitative impact of the measures (www.muredatabase.com). The tool can be used to support energy policy formulation by the European Commission, e.g. as part of the monitoring and evaluation of the National Energy Efficiency Actions Plans submitted under the Directives on End-use Energy Efficiency and Energy Services (ESD) and under the new Energy Efficiency Directive (EED). This brochure, while providing a general view on energy efficiency policies in the buildings sector, focuses on important issues and questions of energy policies directed towards financing the energy efficient transformation of the built environment.

To promote energy efficiency in industry, a variety of policies have been successfully implemented in the European Union. Besides the EU-ETS with its direct and indirect impacts on industrial energy efficiency, other instruments such as energy saving funds, energy efficiency obligations (EEOs), fiscal and financial instruments, subsidies as well as regulative instruments and information policies are currently implemented and used. The intensity and the mix of these instruments, however, differ significantly between the EU Member States. The actual proposal for a new Energy Efficiency Directive suggests saving obligations as preferred instrument to promote energy efficiency among all sectors. In any case the Directive will lead to further implementation of such policies. Their actual impact, however, depends highly on the national framework. We systematically show the strengths and weaknesses of the main policy instruments which are actually implemented or discussed in order to promote energy efficiency in industry. With a multi-criteria, semi-quantitative approach considering eight main criteria we evaluate the costs and benefits of these instruments, taking the example of Germany. Among these criteria are costs, addressable energy saving potentials, market conformity, price and rebound effects and (re)financing. The quantitative evaluation shows that none of these instruments on their own can exploit all efficiency potentials in industry determined here in full, but that a mix of instruments is necessary. The calculations also show that a further development of the currently implemented instruments in Germany addressing energy efficiency in industry is in principle sufficient in order to tap the existing saving potentials. This requires, however, considerable efforts with regard to a further development of regulation, compliance control, budget-funded financial incentives and the wider spread of energy management systems. This option, however, is especially limited by the restricted availability of public funds. Therefore, the possibility of a budget-independence of the funding in particular supports a supplementary deployment of new instruments such as an EEO as part of the future mix of policy instruments addressing energy efficiency in industry.

Bei Einführung der ökologischen Steuerreform im Jahr 1999 wurden Unternehmen des Produzierenden Gewerbes sowie der Land- und Forstwirtschaft Vergünstigungen bei der Strom- und Energiesteuer eingeräumt. Die Bundesregierung plant, diese Vergünstigungen auch in Zukunft beizubehalten. Dazu müssen sie nach 2012 von der EU erneut beihilferechtlich genehmigt werden, und es muss eine angemessene Gegenleistung der begünstigen Unternehmen aufgezeigt werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht eine aktuelle Studie des DIW Berlin, der Climate Policy Initiative (CPI) und des Fraunhofer- Instituts für System- und Innovationsforschung (ISI), inwiefern Steuervergünstigungen künftig an Gegenleistungen geknüpft werden können. Dazu wurden Einsparpotentiale quantifiziert und vier verschiedene Varianten diskutiert, wie die Gewährung des sogenannten Spitzenausgleichs an das Erreichen der Energieeffizienzziele gekoppelt werden könnte. Darüber hinaus wird die Rolle von Energiemanagementsystemen hervorgehoben, da sie die Aufdeckung von Energieeinsparpotentialen unterstützen können. Das Bundesministerium der Finanzen stellte im November 2011 einen Referentenentwurf zur zukünftigen Regelung vor, der wesentliche Elemente der Studie aufgreift.

Die EU-Energieeffizienzrichtlinie (EED) sieht in Artikel 7 die Einrichtung eines Energieeinspar-verpflichtungssystems (EEOS) als ein zentrales Instrument zur Erreichung von Energieeinspar-zielen vor. Während mittlerweile mehr als die Hälfte der Mitgliedstaaten ein solches System eingerichtet haben, wurde eine Einführung in Deutschland zwar in verschiedenen Studien diskutiert, jedoch bisher nicht umgesetzt. Mit dieser Studie wird ein Ausgestaltungsvorschlag für ein mögliches Energieeinsparverpflichtungssystem in Deutschland unter den derzeitigen energie- und klimapolitischen Rahmenbedingungen vorgelegt. Im Rahmen eines EEOS wird durch den Staat ein Einsparziel festgelegt und auf verpflichtete Akteure allokiert. Je nach Ausgestaltung kann eine Handelskomponente (so genannte "Weiße Zertifikate") hinzukommen. Um ein EEOS in einem Land zu etablieren, sind Festlegungen zu zentralen Ausgestaltungs-merkmalen zu treffen. Dazu gehören neben den zu verpflichtenden Sektoren, Energieträgern und Akteuren auch die Konkretisierung des Einsparziels, Anforderungen an die durchgeführten Einsparmaßnahmen sowie Regelungen zum Handel mit Zertifikaten und zu den Nachweis- und Überprüfungsmechanismen. Die hier vorgeschlagene Ausgestaltung wurde so gewählt, dass damit eine hohe Effektivität und Kosteneffizienz des Instruments gewährleistet ist und der Markt für Energiedienstleistungen gestärkt wird. Trotz der schon stark ausdifferenzierten Förderlandschaft für Energieeffizienz könnte ein marktnahes Instrument wie ein EEOS dazu beitragen, einige der noch bestehenden Hemmnisse abzubauen, die bisher einer vollen Ausschöpfung der Energieeffizienzpotenziale entgegenstehen.

In most countries, small and medium-sized manufacturing (industrial) enterprises (SMEs) represent more than 99% of the number of companies and 60% of employment. Thus, this sector, apart from using energy, is a major driver in the economy with regard to innovations, GDP, investments and export. Despite the importance of SMEs in the economy, they have not received much attention in most countries' energy policy activities. Energy management in its various forms is regarded as one of the key drivers of industrial energy efficiency. While the term "energy management" is often associated with the ISO 50001 standard, there is a broad variety of different programs and schemes in place that do not strictly abide by the framework of the standard. Especially for SMEs, the standardized protocols of ISO 50001 are often too complex for cost-efficient implementation. The aim of this paper is to provide an international overview of existing energy efficiency policies with a focus on energy management practices in selected EU member states as well as Norway and Japan. Results indicate that different countries apply a broad variety of policy contexts in which the energy management practices are embedded.