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Government policy to explore the source of state budgeting base on tax impressed is still not enough when compared to policies in the development sector. The potential that can be explored is tourism, considering Indonesia is an archipelago and abundant tourism potential both inland and marine tourism. Tourism potential is expected to increase state revenues and revenues for regions that have tourism. Various ways to accelerate the development of tourism, both physical and human resources are poured form of policy; one of these policies is enforced visa-free for tourists. However, the policy is not in line with the supervision so that it is abused by foreigners. This research use normative method, research that relies on norms and legal principles related to government policy in the application of visa-free for foreigners who impact on crime. The results of this study illustrate that, the government's policy on tourism has a negative impact that is the abuse of residence permit for foreigners. While the positive impact of the regulation is the number of tourists who come to Indonesia that increased, so as to increase revenue for the state and income for the region. However, the most important of these regulations is the absence of prevention efforts. Tourists should only do tourism activities, but instead even many foreigners who work in the territory of Indonesia with the mode of tourism (visa-free). Tourism management model that must be implemented is the supervision of tourists. So the burden and heavy duty on the Directorate General of Immigration is because the institution is authorized both the enforcement and supervision of foreigners who come to Indonesia.

This research is focused on exploring the experiences of persons affected by leprosy who live in Sitanala Leprosy Village in Indonesia; in order to analyse and develop an understanding of how they give meaning to the community empowerment and social inclusion (CESI) program in that place. Qualitative, ethnographic, and observational research methods were used to collect the field data. Ethnographic and content analysis shows various causes and types of discrimination and disadvantage experienced by the people affected by leprosy. The nature and depth of disadvantage is extreme, and many state-provided services have not helped to improve their conditions to the extent they should have. The main findings in relation to the implementation of CESI program were: (a) people affected by leprosy encounter significant systemic barriers to full inclusion and participation in their community; (b) the barriers that prevented full participation in society ranged from social to physical; (c) inflexible laws, policies and practices play an important role in making the barriers more cultural and systemic; and (d) the dominance of moral and medical models make the barriers difficult to eliminate. Further, the analysis shows that lack of information of their disability and rights contribute to perpetuating the existing barriers. Finally, this research found that paternalism and unqualified community workers contribute to lowering the impacts of CESI programs in Sitanala. The findings have implications for all stakeholders, including government, non-government organisations and private sectors to provide a wider support through empowering and anti-discriminatory approaches.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk dari perlindungan hukum terhadap terdakwa indikasi salah tangkap dalam sistem peradilan pidana, yakni perlindungan terhadap hak-hak terdakwa karena adanya suatu kesalahan dari sub sistem peradilan pidana.Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian deskriptif yang bertujuan memberikan gambaran yang jelas tentang bentuk perlindungan hukum terhadap terdakwa yang diindikasikan salah tangkap akibat dari salah identifikasi yang dilakukan oleh penyidik dan penarikan kembali keterangan para saksi. Alat yang dipergunakan untuk memperoleh informasi deskriptif sebagai data penelitian ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dan penelitian lapangan (field research).Secara ius constitutum, perlindungan hukum yang diberikan terhadap terdakwa terindikasi salah tangkap adalah diperlakukan sama seperti terdakwa lainnya yakni diberikan hak-haknya berdasarkan KUHAP. Seperti tetap memproses perkara sampai pada penjatuhan putusan hakim mengenai bersalah atau tidak bersalah berdasarkan proses pembuktian. Hal tersebut dilakukan karena lebih mengutamakan kepastian hukum yaitu dengan adanya putusan tidak bersalah dari pengadilan, kemudian putusan tersebut dapat dijadikan dasar hak untuk mengajukan tuntutan ganti kerugian akibat perbuatan penyidik yang menyimpang. Secara ius constituendum, perlindungan hukum yang berkaitan dengan hak terdakwa sudah diatur dalam instrumen internasional, seperti Konvenan Internasional Tentang Hak-hak Sipil dan Politik (International Convenant on Civil and Political Rights) yang telah diratifikasi oleh Indonesia dan dituangkan dalam UU No. 12 Tahun 2005, Universal Declaration Human Right, serta sudah diatur dalam hukum Nasional seperti KUHAP dan UU No. 4 Tahun 2004 tentang kekuasaan kehakiman. Tetapi, implementasi dari instrument serta Undang-undang tersebut yang perlu dipertegas, supaya penyidik dalam melakukan tugasnya lebih professional. Kata kunci: Perlindungan hukum, terdakwa salah tangkap, sistem peradilan pidana.

Abstract The involvement of ulama in the election organized by New Order since 1971 to1997 almost constantly showed positive result, especially in increasing the number of contestant vote. However what happened in 1999election was on the contrary. The objective of study in thus: first, to describe the process of the political leadership of ulama in political parties; second, to investigate the characteristics of the political leadership of ulama; third, to find out the causal factors of the fading submissiveness of people to the political leadership of ulama. Using behaviorism approach the data collected consist of verbal data, document data and occurrences record. The data is collected through: (1) in-depth interview of 35 subjects sampled out purposively; (2) observation and (3)the study of written data of local KIPP and PPD; with the triangulation of method variation, situation variation and data source variation. The place of the study of Sewon and Pleret subdistrics represents Bantul regency of Special DIstric of Yogyakarta. The data is analyzed qualitatively using "flow" model. Finally the resut of the study are (1) the majority of ulama has conducted their leadership as the chairmen and board members of politic parties in democratic way(2) The characteristic of their leadership is considered to be 'active-negative'. (3)the causal factors of the fading submissiveness of people to the political leadership of ulama are: the economic burden of the people as a result of the crisis, mass media information, the increasingly high education level of the people, the growing rationalistic consideration of the people. Keywords: Leadership of Ulama, Political Party, election, and fading Submissiveness.

Abstract This study intends to describe the process of Nahdatul Ulama (NU) critical faction resistance against hegemony by new Order nation through political discourse. Some data can be collected through in-depth interview and through document study. Theinterview was done toward six people elite of NU, while the document study originated from the clipping from Java Post scripts, and there NU magazines; Aula, Pesantren and Bangkit. Eventually some data especially based on the further interview result is processed by qualitative analysis and it be collected through document study si processed by contend analysis. The final inference obtained is, that during the period of one decade before upcoming president Soeharto falling, have become the conflict relation between NU critical faction against New Order nation through the political discourse. So, the correlation between both is in more antagonist striped, among other things assigned by the appearance of NU critical faction against New Order nation. That is that resistanceof political discourse directing of the from of 'counter-hegemony' from on part against 'hegemony' from the others. Keywords: Nahdatul Ulama, new order, conflict, and political discourse

Pluralism theory is well-known as a theoretical tradition used to analyse political actions in modern democratic states. This theory is mainly based upon a perspective that citizens are involved in political arenas through different interest groups, and that political power should be dispersed to secure its own legitimate interests and none of these groups will dominate the system (Miller, 1983: 735). This article will examine both the strengths and weakness of pluralism theory.

Social capital can be useful when cooperation for mutual benefit can be facilitated by social network and norms of reciprocity (Putnam, 2000:21). In this context, both individuals and organisations agree to mobilise joint resources to achieve common outcomes which are more efficient and productive. However, the concept of social capital is not always positive.This article will discuss positive and negative social capital.