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THIS ARTICLE EXAMINES THE UNDERSTANDING OF EXECUTIVE POWER IN THE DEBATES AT THE FOUNDING OF THE FIFTH REPUBLIC IN 1958. THE EXAMINATION DISCOVERED A CONCEPT OF EXECUTIVE POWER QUITE DIFFERENT FROM THE REAL EXECUTIVE POWER REVEALED IN THE HISTORY OF THE FIFTH REPUBLIC. THE FRAMERS OF THE CONSTITUTION INTENDED TO PLACE THE PRIME MINISTER AT THE HEAD OF THE EXECUTIV POWER AND TO SHIELD HIM FROM REMOVAL BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC. THE DIRECT ELECTION OF THE PRESIDENT, BROUGHT ABOUT BY THE PROBLEMATIC CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT OF 1962, PROVIDED THE LEGITIMACY FOR THE DE FACTO DOMINANT ROLE OF THE PRESIDENT APART FROM THE TWO COHABITATION PERIODS.

Die Studie Bundesrepublik 3.0 leistet einen Beitrag zur Vitalisierung der parlamentarisch-repräsentativen Demokratie, indem sie ein innovatives Konzept für Partizipation auf Bundesebene entwirft. Das Konzept wurde kokreativ in einem generativen Gestaltungsprozess entworfen,in den sowohl praktische Partizipations- und Prozesskompetenz sowie politikwissenschaftliche und verfassungsrechtliche Expertise eingeflossen sind. Das Ergebnis der Studie, ein Konzeptentwurf für wirksame nationale Beteiligungspraxis, beruht auf einer Gegenüberstellung von (1) offenen Gestaltungsfragen, die sich aus der Analyse von gegenwärtigen gesellschaftspolitischen Herausforderungen, den Schwierigkeiten von nationalstaatlichen Beteiligungsvorhaben und dem potenziellen Wirkvermögen unterschiedlicher Partizipationskonzepten ergeben sowie (2) von Gestaltungsmustern guter Beteiligungspraxis, die auf Grundlage einer Analyse von bestehenden Verfahren und theoretischen Konzepten kommunaler, regionaler und nationalstaatlicher Beteiligung extrahiert und herausgearbeitet werden. Das am Ende der Studie entwickelte innovative und praxistaugliche Modell, die Bundesbeteiligungswerkstatt, reagiert auf die beschriebenen Anforderungen – die offenen Gestaltungsfragen – und integriert die aus den Praxisbeispielen abgeleiteten Gestaltungsmuster. Es beinhaltet eine mögliche Einbettung der Bundesbeteiligungswerkstatt ins parlamentarisch-repräsentative System und lässt einen Gesamtverfahrensablauf erkennbar werden. ; The study Federal Republic of Germany 3.0 contributes to stimulate the representative democracy in Germany by designing an innovative concept for participation on a national level. The concept emerged from a generative design process with experts from the background of designing and facilitating public participation processes as well as from theoretical political sciences and constitutional law. The result of this study, a concept for effective and inclusive national public participation, is based on (1) outstanding design questions, which emerge ...

Formalised knowledge systems, including universities and research institutes, are important for contemporary societies. They are, however, also arguably failing humanity when their impact is measured against the level of progress being made in stimulating the societal changes needed to address challenges like climate change. In this research we used a novel futures-oriented and participatory approach that asked what future envisioned knowledge systems might need to look like and how we might get there. Findings suggest that envisioned future systems will need to be much more collaborative, open, diverse, egalitarian, and able to work with values and systemic issues. They will also need to go beyond producing knowledge about our world to generating wisdom about how to act within it. To get to envisioned systems we will need to rapidly scale methodological innovations, connect innovators, and creatively accelerate learning about working with intractable challenges. We will also need to create new funding schemes, a global knowledge commons, and challenge deeply held assumptions. To genuinely be a creative force in supporting longevity of human and non-human life on our planet, the shift in knowledge systems will probably need to be at the scale of the enlightenment and speed of the scientific and technological revolution accompanying the second World War. This will require bold and strategic action from governments, scientists, civic society and sustained transformational intent.

Formalised knowledge systems, including universities and research institutes, are important for contemporary societies. They are, however, also arguably failing humanity when their impact is measured against the level of progress being made in stimulating the societal changes needed to address challenges like climate change. In this research we used a novel futures-oriented and participatory approach that asked what future envisioned knowledge systems might need to look like and how we might get there. Findings suggest that envisioned future systems will need to be much more collaborative, open, diverse, egalitarian, and able to work with values and systemic issues. They will also need to go beyond producing knowledge about our world to generating wisdom about how to act within it. To get to envisioned systems we will need to rapidly scale methodological innovations, connect innovators, and creatively accelerate learning about working with intractable challenges. We will also need to create new funding schemes, a global knowledge commons, and challenge deeply held assumptions. To genuinely be a creative force in supporting longevity of human and non-human life on our planet, the shift in knowledge systems will probably need to be at the scale of the enlightenment and speed of the scientific and technological revolution accompanying the second World War. This will require bold and strategic action from governments, scientists, civic society and sustained transformational intent.