Violent interactions in the Mesolithic: evidence and meaning
In: BAR
In: International series 1237
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In: BAR
In: International series 1237
In: Advances in Anthropology: AA, Band 2, Heft 3, S. 117-124
ISSN: 2163-9361
In: Cadernos do LEPAARQ: Revista do Laboratório de Ensino e Pesquisa em Antropologia e Arqueologia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (LEPAARQ-UFPEL), S. 146-173
ISSN: 2316-8412
Abstract:This article aims to analyze the case of genocide of the Xavante in Marãiwatsédé, MT by the Brazilian State during the Military Dictatorship (1964-1985) as a historical example of the scientific limits, deficiencies, and absence of public policies that, together with the dissemination of biased information, constitute the greatest obstacle to fight major epidemics, which leads to one of the greatest human rights violations, the right to life. We intend to bring a historical perspective to demonstrate that the implications and consequences of the contact between the indigenous people and non-indigenous groups since the colonization times, and mainly during the Dictatorship in Brazil, have been catastrophic to their culture, customs, territories, health and even their right to life. Academic research projects with an archaeological approach, for instance, including an active participation of indigenous collaborators, will reveal and promote a better understanding of the impact of the contact and will also enable to reconstruct and preserve their history, culture, memory, and identity, contributing to meet their current needs and claim their rights.Resumo:O caso de genocídio dos Xavante de Marãiwatsédé, MT, por parte do Estado brasileiro durante a Ditadura Militar (1964-1985), é analisado nesse artigo como exemplo histórico dos limites científicos, deficiências e ausência de políticas públicas que, em conjunto com a disseminação de informações enviesadas, configuram o maior entrave para se combater grandes epidemias, o que leva a uma das maiores violações de Direitos Humanos, o direito à vida. Pretendemos trazer uma perspectiva de reflexão histórica para demonstrar que as implicações e consequências do contato entre as populações indígenas e não indígenas desde a época da colonização, e principalmente durante a Ditadura no Brasil, foram catastróficas para sua cultura, costumes, territórios, saúde e até o direito à vida. Projetos de pesquisa acadêmica, com abordagem arqueológica, por exemplo, incluindo a participação ativa de colaboradores indígenas, irão revelar e promover uma melhor compreensão do impacto do contato e também permitirão reconstruir e preservar sua história, cultura, memória e identidade, contribuindo para suprir suas necessidades atuais e reivindicar seus direitos.
In: Ciencia y sociedad, Band 44, Heft 4, S. 7-23
ISSN: 2613-8751
Este trabajo sistematiza la información relacionada con uno de los artefactos más singulares del registro arqueológico cubano. Singularidad marcada por su tipología, escasa presencia y carencia de estudios científicos sobre su uso en las poblaciones de baja escala productiva. El estudio revela un universo de estos objetos conservados en fondos o colecciones, sus detalles tecno-tipológicos, así como su contexto cultural y cronológico. Se realizaron estudios arqueométricos sobre una muestra de diecisiete objetos procedentes de asentamientos arqueológicos ubicados en la cuenca del río Cauto (Cuba), mediante la extracción de sedimentos y la posterior identificación de gránulos de almidón. Estos estudios revelaron que estas herramientas líticas participaban en actividades relacionadas con el procesamiento de alimentos y, posteriormente, fueron parte del ensamblaje de los llamados taladros de cordel.
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been infecting humans for millennia and remains a global health problem, but its past diversity and dispersal routes are largely unknown. We generated HBV genomic data from 137 Eurasians and Native Americans dated between ~10,500 and ~400 years ago. We date the most recent common ancestor of all HBV lineages to between ~20,000 and 12,000 years ago, with the virus present in European and South American hunter-gatherers during the early Holocene. After the European Neolithic transition, Mesolithic HBV strains were replaced by a lineage likely disseminated by early farmers that prevailed throughout western Eurasia for ~4000 years, declining around the end of the 2nd millennium BCE. The only remnant of this prehistoric HBV diversity is the rare genotype G, which appears to have reemerged during the HIV pandemic. ; The research was funded by the Max Planck Society, the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (771234–PALEoRIDER, to W.H.; 805268–CoDisEASe to K. Bos; 834616–ARCHCAUCASUS to S.H.), the Slovak Academy of Sciences and the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme and Marie Curie Actions under the Programme SASPRO (1340/03/03 to P.C.R.), the ERA.NET RUS Plus–S&T programm of the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (277–BIOARCCAUCASUS to S.Re. and S.H.), the Werner Siemens Stiftung ("Paleobiochemistry", to CW), the Award Praemium Academiae of the Czech Academy of Sciences (to M.E.), the Institute of Archaeology of the Czech Academy of Sciences (RVO 67985912, to M.Dobe.), the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (19-09-00354a, to M.K.K. and V.V.K.; 19-78-10053 to SSh), the German Research Foundation (DFG-HA-5407/4-1–INTERACT to W.H. and RE2688/2 to S.Re.), the French National Research Agency (ANR-17-FRAL-0010–INTERACT, to M.F.D., M.Ri., S.Ro., S.Sai., D.Bi., and P.Le.), the Wenner-Gren Dissertation Fieldwork Grant (9558 to S.Sab.), and the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan (AP08856654 to L.B.D., L.M., and E.Kh. and AP08857177 to A.Z.B.).
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