Suchergebnisse

Brazil's future participation in the Belt and Road Initiative will promote economic growth, increase the importance of the initiative on the international scene and contribute to the promotion of bilateral economic and trade relations between China and Latin America countries.This paper analyses the alleged effect of BRI on Brazilian economy if the country would have chosen to join the program in the past years (2013-2019) as other countries in the world did. The alleged effect is calculated using the methodology of synthetic control: a statistical method used to evaluate the effect of an intervention/programme in comparative case studies.The results show that Brazil could benefit from joining the Belt and Road Initiative: the GDP per capita rate would be 4.73% higher each year, on average.However, to Brazil joins the BRI, it will be necessary for China and Brazil to know how to maintain a frequent and structured dialogue that projects confidence, opens paths and does not leave governmental dialogue behind what is happening in practical reality. Moreover, more academic research about the initiative and a greater dissemination of its benefits by the media will be needed to raise awareness among the public and politicians about a probable BRI agreement by Brazil.

In the last decade, Brazil has been experiencing a new cycle of international migration. The migrant population living in Brazil grew by 20% approximately, according to International Organization for Migration. The objective of this paper is to analyse the insertion of foreign workers in the Brazilian formal labour market, investigating returns to schooling of migrants compared with natives and the positive or negative discrimination that can exist in the formal job market. To perform the research of this paper, the Annual Report on Social Information database is used, analysing the period from 2010 to 2017. The methodology used to calculate the rate of return on education of native and foreign workers is based on Mincer's equation. Mincer's equation is estimated econometrically, in which the dependent variable, the log of wage or labour income, is regressed in years of schooling of the person and other controls. The return to education demonstrates a positive discrimination of international formal workers in Brazil and a convergence in return rates between native and immigrants: international return rate is approximately 37% in 2010 and approximately 20% in 2017, while native return rate remains constant during the period, approximately 15%.

This paper aims to evidence the characteristics of individuals that affect more the transition from informal to formal sector. The initial hypothesis is that the level of education of each individual is the most important characteristic explaining this transition. To achieve this purpose, we utilize parametric and non-parametric survival analysis: through the hazard function, it was possible to investigate what factors affect the risk of transiting to formality for a worker. For this analysis, we use the data from the Monthly Employment Survey (PME). The level of education appears to be the main characteristic that explains the exit of workers from informality.