The essay studies the maps produced in the 15th and early 16th centuries by Venice and other states with reference to water management, exploitation of agricultural resources, administrative organization, border control and war strategies. It also considers the extraordinary maps of Southern Italy produced by the Aragonese government between the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries (known only thanks to their 18th-century copies), which bring out a grandiose and organic general plan of topographic survey by compass and astronomical observations.
From the History of Italian Agricultural Landscape by Emilio Sereni (1961) to Historical Rural Landscape. For a National Register (2010). The role ofGeography for knowledge and for the preservation and development of the landscapeThe publication in 2010, edited by Mauro Agnoletti, of the volume HistoricalRural Landscape. For a National Register and conferences and exhibition initiatives, that have been promoted in 2011 by the Istituto Alcide Cervi/Alcide Cervi Institute and by Società Geografica Italiana/Italian Geographic Society during the fiftieth anniversary of publication of History of Italian Agricultural Landscape by Emilio Sereni, repropose the attention of the scientific community of geographers the problem of geographical study of the landscape with its methods of investigation and documentation sources.Kwoledge of the landscape is central to the European regulations (Conventionof 2000), national regulations (Cpde of 2004 updated in 2006 and 2008) and regional regulations (territorial government laws related with landscapeplans) as an action au carry at essential procedures of the public partecipationin the preparation of urban plans aware and compatible with the needs of heritage protection and the principles of sustainable development.The work deals with the themes of the negative effects that the lack orabsence of culture produces in terms of landscape planning and educationand quality of life of the population, and proposal are setup regional observatories because of the landscape whose contents can be used freely asdigital archives, research centers, training and education.Every effort is being given the contribution that geography can give thestudy of the lanscape with the formulation of a model for analyzing geographiclandscape that is proposed to apply to forty small sub-regions identifiedby the urban planning law and the plan address land of Regione Toscana/Tuscany.KeywordsHistorical landscape, geographical knowledge, preservation and development.De la Storia del paesaggio agrario de Emilio Sereni/ De l'Histoire du paysage agraire de Emilio Sereni aux Paesaggi rurali storici. Per un catalogo nazionale/auxPaysages ruraux historiques. Pour un catalogue national (2010). Le rôle de la géographie pour la connaissance et la conservation-valorisation du paysageLa publication dans le 2010, par les soins de Mauro Agnoletti du livrePaesaggi rurali storici. Per un catalogo nazionale/Paysages ruraux historiques.Pour un catalogue national et les réunions et expositions scientifiquesorganisées dans le 2011 de l'I…./Istituto Alcide Cervi et de la SocietàGeografica Italiana/Societé Géographique Italienne, dans le cinquantenairede l'édition de la Storia del paesaggio agrario/ Histoire du paysage agrairede Emilio Sereni, proposent de nouveau à l'attention de la communautéscientifique, et surtout des géographes, le problème de l'étude du paysage,avec les méthodologies et les fonts documentaires relatifs.La connaissance du paysage est au centre des normatifs européennes (Convention du 2000), nationales (Code du 2004 ajourné dans le 2006 et 2008) et régionales (lois sur le aménagement du territoire avec les plan relatifs du paysage), comme action indispensable, et à développer avec le procédé de vraie participation des citoyens, à la rédaction en toute conscience des plans d'urbanisme conséquent avec les exigences du développement soutenable. L'écrit roule sur les effets negatifs que le manque ou la insuffisance de culture du paysage produit en misure de aménagement du territoire et d'éducation et de qualité de la vie de la population; et avance des propositions car soient institués des Observatoires regionaux [regionals?] du paysage, dont les contenus peuvent être utilisés librement comme des archives digitales, comme centres de recherche et de formation et d'éducation. Ă ce propos, vient consideré le contribution que la géographie peut offrir à l'étude du paysage, avec l'énunciation d'un modèle d'analyse géographique du paysage che se propose d'appliquer aux 40 petites régions individuées de la loi d'urbanisme et du plan pour la réglementation du territoire de la Regione Toscana.Mots-clésPaysage historique, connaissance géographique, conservation et valorisation
[EN] The research about Tyrrhenian Tuscany fortifications – more than 150 structures studied with Anna Guarducci and Marco Piccardi – is a multidisciplinary and complex topic that requires methods and sources typical of geographical-historical research. This because of various environmental and landscape peculiarity of Tyrrhenian Tuscany and because of her historical sequence from Medieval Age to nowadays. In Tyrrhenian Tuscany – thanks to its strategic and business importance – although low population, cereal and pastoral "latifondo", the marshes and few settlements, a dense fortifications system was gradually developed until the unification of Italy. This study starts from the first researches on Maremma fortifications on Seventies-Eighties of last century, and they also begins from following studies concerning all coastal area or single places, buildings and small areas. This research take into consideration those researchs methods and subjects. But because of the study area extension a larger range of printed and unpublished sources was analyzed. The set of documents was composed by maps, iconographies, photographies, aerial photographies, territorial and literaly studies, etc. The political and administrative fragmentation of Tyrrhenian Tuscany explains the position of the sources (about fortifications) in libraries and archives of Tuscany (Massa, Lucca, Firenze, Pisa, Livorno, Piombino, Siena, Grosseto, Orbetello), of Italy (Genova, Modena, Roma e Napoli) and of foreign countries (Simancas, Parigi, Vienna e Praga); and in municipal and state or authorithy archives too. The partition expalains also the local and regional nature of the most studies. All these documents are often thematic and incomplete, and have been completed with the study of the present contexts (toponyms, buildings and direct evidences of inhabitants), in order to identify and locate the fortifications. This comparative analysis, together with measurements allowed by cartography, has allowed the recognition of the position of more than ...
The volume collects the contributions of the 'study day' held on June 16, 2010 at the University of Florence on Abbeys and medieval landscapes in Tuscany, that is, on the forms of the territory that have structured the ways of life in the countryside of our region for centuries. Today an infatuation is observed for that kind of landscape, which is confirmed by a lack of interest for its conservation or for transformations respectful of the rules that produced it. It is therefore appropriate to submit to the historic method a synthetic view of the medieval landscape, from the ancient premises to the economic reasons that led to the monastic and feudal forms, up to the appearance of a new structure appreciated for its useful beauty, in a persistent substratum of mysterious storytelling. Tuscany allows multiple evidence of what actually survives of the pervasive order established in the Middle Ages also for its exemplary literary and iconographic representations, both contemporary and of the medieval times.
