Suchergebnisse

Context: The hyperborder in a globalized world -- Data on the hyperborder -- Reactions to the hyperborder -- A state of interdependence -- Security -- The informal sector -- Migration and demographics -- Education -- Economic development and trade -- Transportation -- Energy -- Environment -- Health -- Urbanization

Universities have historically been a source of fundamental knowledge, and the premier source of technologies that have found innumerable applications (in the economy, in the military, in health care, etc.) and that have shaped the trajectory, the direction and the nature of social and economic development. The contribution of universities towards the economic fabric of a region, nation or supranational entity is manifold, and is recognised as essential to the creation of wealth. It is because of that recognition that there has been a growing need to understand in what ways knowledge created at the universities is transferred and it impacts upon society at large. Knowledge can take many forms, and the resources devoted to knowledge creation can themselves be allocated to different levels and degrees of activities related to that endeavour. However, resources are scarce and resource allocation to knowledge must be essentially of a long- range perspective. The distribution of resources in terms of short-range and long-range investment in knowledge is inextricably linked to the phenomena of university-industry relations. Many initiatives fostering linkages between universities and industry, with a view to increase or facilitate rates of technology transfer, implemented innovation and economic development. However, the contexts in which these relations occur vary broadly and presently, because resources for investment in knowledge creation are scarce and differentiated there is a need for a comprehensive understanding of the variety of initiatives and relationships that exist, and the need for a deeper conceptualization of the forms, configurations, roles and expectations that shape and define existing relationships. ; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia ...

Bengoa, J. (editor), Territorios rurales. Movimientos sociales y desarrollo territorial rural en América Latina

Formal or informal relations between academia and industry have become more frequent and visible. Asides from a quite conspicuous political motivation that has, in more recent times, consistently pushed towards more close relations between higher education institutions or public research organisations and enterprises, there are a number of several other reasons, most notably those related to knowledge creation and exploitation, that have contributed to draw the attention on collaborative or cooperative agreements between members of academe and industry. This paper attempts to systematize and synthesize the now vast literature on the subject. It focuses on the relationships between forms or modes of academia and industry cooperative channels and their implications on knowledge production and exploitation. It explores their contribution to the concept of entrepreneurship, contextualising the mechanism of creation of spin-off firms from university research, and other subtle or more hidden forms of entrepreneurial behaviour. It presents relevant statistics on the phenomena, describing the main empirical findings and their most important contributions, and highlighting the main arguments that underpin the theoretical debates. ; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia ...