Suchergebnisse

El objetivo del presente trabajo es discutir las pruebas más complejas y más utilizadas para emplear los cultivares de las plantas cultivadas. Dichas pruebas se realizaron y sus características se determinaron para escoger la más eficiente. Las características más importantes para ejecutar tales pruebas y encontrar las más eficientes son: identificación varietal para determinar si una variedad es pura y evaluación para determinar si las características de una muestra de semilla corresponden a las descritas en su respectiva etiqueta comercial. También, se presenta una discusión sobre si las características, antes mencionadas, están acordes con la legislación presente sobre el particular, y que deben ser acatadas por todos los países del mundo. Las pruebas más eficientes son: de cámaras de crecimiento y diferentes pruebas de electroforesis. ; The objective of this research is to discuss the more complex and more utilized test to identify the cultivars of the cultivated plants. The tests were made and their characteristics were determined in order to choose the most efficient tests. the most important characteristics to take into account in order to find the most efficients test are: Identification of the variety to show if it is a pure variety and the evaluation of the characteristics stated on the comerciallabel. I include a discussion on the Characteristis above mentioned and how important is follow the legislation udes worlwide on this topic. The used most efficient test are the growth chamber and the differentelectrophoresis system.

Esta investigación interpreta la "chupadura de niños por la bruja", entre los campesinos del oriente de Tlaxcala, como una creencia que funciona como un sistema de terror y violencia para el control comunitario. La transformación de la sociedad agrícola en la región se modificó con el reparto de la tierra de las haciendas durante los años de 1970 y 1980, provocándose un conflicto por la lucha de la tierra, que condujo a la transformación del paisaje agrario. Los cambios en la estructura económica-política fueron interpretados por los campesinos como la llegada de las brujas. ; This document sees the killing of children by witches among rural communities in eastern Tlaxcala as a belief that serves as a system to introduce terror and violence for purposes of community control. The transformation of rural society in the region changed with the redistribution of hacienda land during the 1970s and 80s triggering a land conflicts in the region, which led to the transformation of the rural landscape. Local farmers interpreted these changes in the economic and political structure as the arrival of the witches.

This paper explores the political participation of women within the 1968 student movement as an important and substantial part of the formation and organization of the social movement. Some research in the social sciences has denied women a voice, but women have fought for political democracy in Mexican society, for political freedom, for sexual freedom, for liberty of thought, againstdespotic government, and above all against patriarchal society. This has led to the development of new means for the feminism struggle that marked Mexico's political history. ; El objetivo de este trabajo de investigación es visibilizar la participación política de las mujeres en el movimiento estudiantil de 1968, como una parte importante y sustancial en la configuración y organización del movimiento. En ciertos análisis de las ciencias sociales, les han negado la voz a las mujeres, si bien ellas lucharon por las demandas de la democratización política de la sociedad mexicana, la libertad, contra el autoritarismo gubernamental, pero, sobre todo, contra la sociedad patriarcal, la libertad sexual y de pensamiento, lo que desarrolló nuevas formas de lucha feminista que marcaron la historia política de México.

An important aspect of the current COVID-19 crisis is that not all age groups are equally affected by the pandemic. To account for the generational impact of COVID- 19, a dynamic overlapping generations model with realistic demography, human capital and NTAs is constructed. The COVID-19 crisis is modelled through two unexpected and temporary negative shocks: an economic shock that reduces labour income, and a demographic shock that increases the mortality hazard rates of those infected. The model is applied to 12 countries for which full NTA data are available. Results are presented for two extreme fiscal policies: one in which governments compensate workers for 0% (without fiscal support) of their total labour income losses due to the pandemic, and another in which governments compensate workers for 100% (with fiscal support) of these losses. In addition, I analyse the impact of these policies on public debt. The results show that COVID-19 is affecting the financial situations of people aged 25 to 64 and their children more than those of older people. By compensating workers for their income losses, the economic impact of COVID-19 has been more evenly distributed across cohorts, reducing the burden on people aged zero to 64, and increasing the burden on people aged 65 and older. Moreover, the simulation results show that a 1% decline in labour income leads to an average increase in the debt-to-total labour income ratio of between 1.2% (without fiscal policy) and 1.6% (with fiscal policy).

An important aspect of the current COVID-19 crisis is that not all age groups are equally affected by the pandemic. To account for the generational impact of COVID- 19, a dynamic overlapping generations model with realistic demography, human capital and NTAs is constructed. The COVID-19 crisis is modelled through two unexpected and temporary negative shocks: an economic shock that reduces labour income, and a demographic shock that increases the mortality hazard rates of those infected. The model is applied to 12 countries for which full NTA data are available. Results are presented for two extreme fiscal policies: one in which governments compensate workers for 0% (without fiscal support) of their total labour income losses due to the pandemic, and another in which governments compensate workers for 100% (with fiscal support) of these losses. In addition, I analyse the impact of these policies on public debt. The results show that COVID-19 is affecting the financial situations of people aged 25 to 64 and their children more than those of older people. By compensating workers for their income losses, the economic impact of COVID-19 has been more evenly distributed across cohorts, reducing the burden on people aged zero to 64, and increasing the burden on people aged 65 and older. Moreover, the simulation results show that a 1% decline in labour income leads to an average increase in the debt-to-total labour income ratio of between 1.2% (without fiscal policy) and 1.6% (with fiscal policy).

After the 2008 financial crisis, migrants were particularly affected by restrictive migratory policies as well as welfare state budgetary cuts in family allowances, pension rights and unemployment benefits. In this context, this contribution looks into the experiences of Andean migrants that have moved onwards from another EU state to Belgium while trying to counteract these policies. The author argues that depending on their gender, class and ethnic locations Andean migrants are able to construct different sets of global social protection arrangements that allow them to protect themselves and their family members in various countries across Europe and Latin America. Data draws from a multi-sited ethnography conducted during 20 months in Belgium, Colombia and Peru with 85 participants that included the Andean migrants themselves as well as their family members. The analysis contributes to the literature on onward Intra-European migration as well as studies on transnational social protection.

Traduction et mémoire historique s'épousent de manière spéciale dans le cas de la réception des auteurs espagnols d'expression française au XXe siècle. À l'orée du XXIe siècle et grâce à la traduction, ces auteurs deviennent accessibles dans leur langue maternelle et ils nous offrent le témoignage d'une littérature qui porte en elle, soixante-dix ans après, les stigmates d'un passé confronté à la guerre civile, à l'exil et un engagement contre le régime politique qui s'ensuit. Le cas d'Agustín Gómez Arcos s'intègre parfaitement dans cette perspective, car son thème fétiche c'est l'Espagne franquiste et sa mémoire historique est tissée de mémoire linguistique. ; Translation and historical memory unite in a very special way in the case of the reception of Spanish authors writing in French. In the 21st century these authors are getting accessible in their mother tongue. Sixty years later they evidence a literature with the marks of a past confronting Spanish Civil War, exile and the commitment to oppose the new political regime. Agustín Gómez Arcos fits perfectly into this perspective for his fetish topic is Francoist Spain and his historical memory has linguistic memory too.

In recent years, concrete filled tubular (CFT) columns have become popular among designers and structural engineers, due to a series of highly appreciated advantages: high load-bearing capacity, high seismic resistance, attractive appearance, reduced column footing, fast construction technology and high fire resistance without external protection. In a fire, the degradation of the material properties will cause CFT columns to become highly nonlinear and inelastic, which makes it quite difficult to predict their failure. In fact, it is still not possible for analytical methods to predict with enough accuracy the behaviour of columns of this kind when exposed to fire. Numerical models are therefore widely sought. Many numerical simulations have been carried out worldwide, without obtaining satisfactory results. This work proposes a three-dimensional numerical model for studying the actual fire behaviour of columns of this kind. This model was validated by comparing the simulation results with fire resistance tests carried out by other researchers, as well as with the predictions of the Eurocode 4 simplified calculation model.

The Isla de Aves Wildlife Refuge is the northernmost portion of the Venezuelan territory generating 135 000km2 of Exclusive Economic Zone. Studies on coral communities are scarce and old (1970s), due to its location 650km northeast of La Guaira Port and because it has military facilities. To upgrade baseline information we estimated size structure, percent live cover, species composition and abundance of corals and octocorals. We evaluated 16 sites around the island using the AGRRA Protocol (band-transects 10 m2) between 1.5 and 21m depth (n=67 transects), and visual surveys conducted in other five sites. We recorded 2 327 colonies belonging to four hydroid species and 36 species of stony corals in 11 families. The values for diversity, dominance and evenness of the coral community ranged between 0.78 and 2.12 (SW), 0.15 and 0.61 and 0.57 y 0.92 respectively. Most coral species had relative abundance values under 3%, except Porites astreoides (25.57%), Pseudodiploria strigosa (18.22%) and Siderastrea siderea (14.44%). They were represented mostly by smaller colonies, between 3 and 30cm in maximum diameter and between 0 and 5cm high. A total of 13 octocoral species belonging to three families were identified. Pseudopterogorgia americana was the most abundant species. The mean percent of live coral (including hydrocorals) was 22.30% (SE=1.73) (15.45% for dead coral, SE=3.28). Dead coral had the highest percentage of dissimilarity between sites (9.21%) (ANOSIM) and 16.57% contribution (SIMPER analysis). Octocoral live cover ranged from 0 to 21.35% with a mean of 6.38% (SE=0.99). Research on benthic communities of Isla de Aves should continue, especially in the deeper areas, to assess ecological conditions. Rev. Biol. Trop. 62 (Suppl. 3): 115-136. Epub 2014 September 01. ; El Refugio de Fauna Silvestre Isla de Aves (RFSIA) representa la porción más septentrional del territorio Venezolano, generando 135 000km2 de Zona Económica Exclusiva. Los estudios sobre sus comunidades coralinas son escasos y en su mayoría datan ...