Suchergebnisse

Throughout the world, areas have been reserved for their exceptional environmental values, such as high biodiversity. Financial, political and community support for these protected areas is often dependent on visitation by nature-based tourists. This visitation inevitably creates environmental impacts, such as the construction and maintenance of roads, tracks and trails ; trampling of vegetation and erosion of soils ; and propagation of disturbance of resilient species, such as weeds. This creates tension between the conservation of environmental values and visitation. This review examines some of the main features of environmental impacts by nature-based tourists through a discussion of observational and manipulative studies. It explores the disturbance context and unravels the management implications of detecting impacts and understanding their causes. Regulation of access to visitor areas is a typical management response, qualified by the mode of access (e.g., vehicular, ambulatory). Managing access and associated impacts are reviewed in relation to roads, tracks and trails ; wildlife viewing ; and accommodations. Responses to visitor impacts, such as environmental education and sustainable tour experiences are explored. The review concludes with ten recommendations for further research in order to better resolve the tension between nature conservation and nature-based tourism.

The effects on terrestrial fauna of clearing, fragmentation and regeneration
of eucalypt forest and woodland were investigated in a former cattle-grazing
area of south-east Queensland. The abundance of species and higher taxa was
compared among four major habitat types: interior of relatively mature forest,
interior of earlier stages of regenerating forest, cleared pasture, and abrupt
edges between the forest and cleared land. The regenerating sites were several
decades old and consisted mainly of Eucalyptus saplings
3–6 m high, with a grassy understorey.
Numbers of pitfall-trapped invertebrate orders were significantly higher in
forest interior and forest edge than in cleared or regenerating sites; numbers
of coleopterans were significantly higher in forest interior sites than in
cleared or regenerating sites; and numbers of isopterans were significantly
higher in both forest interior and forest edge sites than in cleared sites.
Total abundance of native non-flying mammals was significantly higher in
forest interior than elsewhere. Other vertebrates apart from birds were
detected in numbers too low for analysis. Cleared sites supported
significantly lower numbers of avian species and Orders, and of total birds,
than any other habitat in winter, with a similar but non-significant trend in
summer. Forest interior sites showed a significantly higher abundance of
several avian species than any other habitat, but noisy miners and Torresian
crows were significantly more abundant in edge sites than in forest interior
sites. Sites of low regeneration were chiefly utilised by birds characteristic
of forest edge. Many decades of regeneration would appear to be necessary
before many forest-dependant species are adequately supported in these areas.

Frontmatter -- Contents -- Contributors -- 1 Introduction: Welcome to the Futures of Wildlife Tourism -- Part 1: Paths Towards the Futures of Wildlife Tourism -- 2 Wildlife Tourism in (Un)sustainable Futures -- 3 Rabbits in the Wild: Close Encounters on an Equal Footing? -- 4 Representing Wild Animals to Humans: The Ethical Future of Wildlife Tourism -- Part 2: Human–Animal Encounters -- 5 The Rise of Selfie Safaris and the Future(s) of Wildlife Tourism -- 6 The Future of Captive Wildlife: Useful and Enjoyable for Animals and Visitors -- 7 Promises and Pitfalls in the Future of Sustainable Wildlife Interpretation -- 8 Interspecies Communication and Encounters with Orcas -- Part 3: Technology Advancements -- 9 Safeguarding Sustainable Futures for Marine Wildlife Tourism through Collaboration and Innovation: The Utopia of Whale-Watching -- 10 Designing Future Wildlife Tourism Experiences: On Agency in Human–Sled Dog Encounters -- 11 The Future of Captive Animals and Tourism: The Zoo and Aquatic Cloning Centre 2070 -- 12 Will Cryptogovernance Save the Wildlife Tourism Commons -- 13 Final Reflections: Travel Notes, Postcards, Treasures and Dragons -- Index