Suchergebnisse

This article examines entrepreneurial activities among Amerindian residents of the Barima River, Guyana. It argues that Barima residents create entrepreneurial opportunities by exploiting a trading system constructed by a French palm‐heart processing company as rigidly non‐negotiable. This mercantilism is further enabled by the fact that the river itself constitutes an artery of neighbouring economic zones, in which distinct regimes of production, exchange, and consumption dominate at different points along the waterway. By moving exchange goods along this river, entrepreneurs are able to use a particular location, a centre of small‐scale gold‐mining, as an economic amplifier which allows them to realize profits.

An enabling environment for malnutrition reduction includes creating policy and political momentum, and converting momentum to implementation and impact. We used several qualitative data sources to investigate changes in policy and action over time in Zambia. There now exists coherent policy covering key nutrition issues from several sectors, and multisectoral coordination structures at national level and in pilot districts. However, converting momentum into action faces challenges of limited national political and funding commitment, with increased donor resources currently bridging the gap, and reach into communities is still limited. To sustain recent stunting reductions there are still political challenges to be addressed in Zambia, and citizens and civil society will need to hold government to account for recent commitments on nutrition.

The Government of Nicaragua's program Red de Protección Social (RPS) represents a new approach to providing safety nets for the poorest people in society, a conditional cash-transfer program that has become an important part of poverty alleviation strategy in several countries in Latin America and elsewhere in the world. What is so important about CCTs is that first, they take a systematic approach to assuring a basic income safety net for the poor, rather than relying on more diffuse, indirect process of poverty reduction, e.g. through demand-driven infrastructure programs; and second, they aim to do more than just put short-term cash in people's hands—important as this aspect of safety nets is—but also to invest in the long-term human capital of future generations. They achieve this by conditioning cash transfers on participation of households in health and education services, based on the premise that attention to early children health, nutrition and education significantly increases these children's chances of climbing out of poverty later in life. In RPS, beneficiaries must attend health education workshops every two months; bring children to prescheduled preventative healthcare appointments and ensure current vaccinations for children between 0-5 years old; ensure an 85 percent school attendance record for children between 7-13, through 4th grade. In return, beneficiaries receive a cash transfer intended for the purchase of food (and improving diet quality); those with eligible school-age children also receive three cash transfers for school attendance, school supplies, and the teacher transfer to be given to the teacher ; Non-PR ; IFPRI1 ; PHND

Changes in the immediate, underlying and basic determinants of nutritional status at the community-and household-level are a logical and empirical prerequisite to reducing high levels of undernutrition in high burden countries. This paper considers these factors directly from the perspective of community members and frontline workers interviewed in six countries in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. In each country, in-depth interviews were conducted with mothers, other community members and health workers to understand changes in health and nutrition practices, nutrition-specific interventions, underlying drivers and nutrition-sensitive interventions, and life conditions. Overall, the need for basic improvements in livelihood opportunities and infrastructure are solidly underscored. Nutrition-specific and -sensitive changes represented in most cases by deliberate government or NGO supported community interventions are rolling out at a mixed and uneven pace, but are having some significant impacts where solidly implemented. The synthesis presented here provides an invaluable source of information for understanding how community-level change occurred against a wider backdrop of national level progress.

IFPRI3; ISI; CRP4; POSHAN; Stories of Change in Nutrition ; PHND; A4NH; SAO ; PR ; CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH)