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The European eel (Anguilla anguilla) has attracted scientific inquiry for centuries due to its singular biological traits. Within the European Union, glass eel fisheries have declined sharply since 1980, from up to 2000 t (t) to 62.2 t in 2018, placing wild populations under higher risk of extinction. Among the major causes of glass eels collapse, climate change has become a growing worldwide issue, specifically ocean warming and acidification, but, to our knowledge, data on physiological and biochemical responses of glass eels to these stressors is limited. Within this context, we selected some representative biomarkers [e.g. glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), heat shock proteins (HSP70), ubiquitin (Ub) and DNA damage] to study physiological responses of the European glass eel under distinct laboratory-climate change scenarios, such as increased water temperature (+ 4 °C) and pH reduction (- 0.4 units), for 12 weeks. Overall, the antioxidant enzymatic machinery was impaired, both in the muscle and viscera, manifested by significant changes in CAT, GPx and TAC. Heat shock response varied differently between tissues, increasing with temperature in the muscle, but not in the viscera, and decreasing in both tissues under acidification. The inability of HSP to maintain functional protein conformation was responsible for boosting the production of Ub, particularly under warming and acidification, as sole stressors. The overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), either elicited by warming - due to increased metabolic demand - or acidification - through H+ interaction with O2-, generating H2O2 - overwhelmed defense mechanisms, causing oxidative stress and consequently leading to protein and DNA damage. Our results emphasize the vulnerability of eels' early life stages to climate change, with potential cascading consequences to adult stocks. ; Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia - FCT, CLIMATOXEEL ; info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Cyanide fishing is one of the most destructive techniques employed to\ncollect live reef fish. While national laws of most source countries ban\nthis practice, cyanide is still widely employed to capture live reef\nfish for human consumption and marine aquariums. The United States is\none of the largest importers of live reef fish, and the implementation\nof new approaches to screen for fish caught with cyanide is urgently\nneeded. A fast and reliable noninvasive and nondestructive approach to\nscreen live reef fish for cyanide poisoning was recently developed, yet\ndeployment of this test may be obstructed by U.S. law. The Lacey Act\nprohibits the import, export, transport, and acquisition in interstate\nor international commerce of fish taken in violation of any foreign law.\nTherefore, if a fish tests positive for cyanide poisoning, the testers\ncould expose themselves to liability for potential Lacey Act violations,\nas they are knowingly engaging in an illegal act. To eliminate this\ndisincentive, the U.S. government should help conservationists develop\nprotocols on how to test for cyanide poisoning without violating the\nLacey Act.

13 pages, 2 figures, supporting information https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000935 ; The ongoing digital revolution in the age of big data is opening new research opportunities. Culturomics and iEcology, two emerging research areas based on the analysis of online data resources, can provide novel scientific insights and inform conservation and management efforts. To date, culturomics and iEcology have been applied primarily in the terrestrial realm. Here, we advocate for expanding such applications to the aquatic realm by providing a brief overview of these new approaches and outlining key areas in which culturomics and iEcology are likely to have the highest impact, including the management of protected areas; fisheries; flagship species identification; detection and distribution of threatened, rare, and alien species; assessment of ecosystem status and anthropogenic impacts; and social impact assessment. When deployed in the right context with awareness of potential biases, culturomics and iEcology are ripe for rapid development as low-cost research approaches based on data available from digital sources, with increasingly diverse applications for aquatic ecosystems ; This work was supported by J. E. Purkyně Fellowship of the Czech Academy of Sciences (https://www.avcr.cz) (IJ), Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science and the University of Helsinki (https://www.helsinki.fi/en/helsinki-institute-of-sustainability-science) (RAC), EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme funding (project grant No. 677039) (https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon2020/en) (ATS), European Regional Development Fund / European Social Fund (ERDF/ESF) funding (CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_025/0007417) (https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/funding/erdf/; https://ec.europa.eu/esf/home.jsp) (ATS), Austrian Science Foundation FWF (grant I 3757-B29) (https://www.fwf.ac.at) (FE), EU and the State of Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Germany, grant MV-I.18-LM-004, B 730117000069) (https://www.government-mv.de/Mecklenburg%E2%80%93Vorpommern) (RA), German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF) (https://www.bmbf.de) with the grants 01LC1826D and 033W046A (RA) and the "GLANCE" project (Global Change Effects in River Ecosystems; 01 LN1320A) (SCJ, GK), Czech Science Foundation (grant 19-05510S) (https://gacr.cz) (KD), Israel Science Foundation (grant No. 406/19) (https://www.isf.org.il) (UR), Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) strategic project UID/MAR/04292/2013 (https://www.fct.pt) (RR), Norwegian Research Council (https://www.forskningsradet.no) (RJL), Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (Juan de la Cierva Incorporación; grant IJC2018-035389-I) (http://www.ciencia.gob.es) (VS), Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (grant 435-2018-1018) (https://www.sshrc-crsh.gc.ca) (YC), Nova Scotia Graduate Scholarship (https://www.dal.ca/faculty/gradstudies/funding/appprocres/scholarshiprefs/nsgs.html) (YC), grant NAKI II DG18P02OVV057 (https://starfos.tacr.cz) (LK), TACR ZÉTA project (No. TJ02000012 (https://starfos.tacr.cz) (MŠ) ; Peer reviewed

153 pages, 97 figures, 10 tables, 2 appendixes ; Recent studies have shown that coastal and shelf cephalopod populations have increased globally over the last six decades. Although cephalopod landings are dominated by the squid fishery, which represents nearly 80% of the worldwide cephalopod catches, octopuses and cuttlefishes represent ∼10% each. Total reported global production of octopuses over the past three decades indicates a relatively steady increase in catch, almost doubling from 179,042 t in 1980 to 355,239 t in 2014. Octopus fisheries are likely to continue to grow in importance and magnitude as many finfish stocks are either fully or over-exploited. More than twenty described octopus species are harvested from some 90 countries worldwide. The current review describes the major octopus fisheries around the globe, providing an overview of species targeted, ecological and biological features of exploited stocks, catches and the key aspects of management ; IGG has been supported by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (Grants J130000263 and AS2715164U). RV has been supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Culture (Grant PRX17/00090), Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (OCTOSET project, RTI2018-097908-B-I00, MCIU/AEI/FEDER, EU) and by the Direcció General de Pesca i Afers Marítims, Generalitat de Catalunya. FAFA was supported by a predoctoral fellowship of the MINECO (BES-2013-063551) and an Irish Research Council - Government of Ireland Postdoctoral Fellowship (Ref. GOIPD/2019/460) ; Peer reviewed