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"Jonathan Rosen again provides a succinct explanation for the contemporary state of global organized criminal networks. His wide array of case studies and quantitative data make this book a must-have for any student of the subject. This clear and concise book will be an excellent textbook for any class on this particular subject. Highly recommended." —Hanna Kassab, Teaching Assistant Professor, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA "An impressive overview of major developments and trends in the U.S. war on drugs at home and abroad that raises critical questions for policymakers about the ways narcotics need to be addressed." —Sebastián Cutrona, Assistant Professor of International Affairs at O.P. Jindal Global University, India This book examines the U.S. war on drugs at home and abroad. It provides a brief history of the war on drugs. In addition, it analyzes drug trafficking and organized crime in Colombia and Mexico, and the role of the United States government in counternarcotics policies. This work also examines the opioid epidemic, addiction, and alternative policies. Jonathan D. Rosen is Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice at Holy Family University, Philadelphia, USA.

Intro -- Contents -- Timeline -- Acknowledgments -- 1 Introduction -- Organization of the Book -- Puzzle One: Origins of Plan Colombia -- Puzzle Two: From Drug Trafficking to Narco-Terrorism -- Puzzle Three: Beyond Plan Colombia -- Puzzle Four: Theory and Method -- Methodological Approach and Techniques -- Levels of Analysis -- Theoretical Approach -- Neorealism -- Liberalism -- Constructivism -- Lessons and Analytical Contributions -- 2 The Colombian Puzzle in Historical Context -- Drug Cultivation and Trafficking in Colombia -- The Defeat of the Colombian Kingpins -- Domestic Dynamics: Internal Actors within Colombia -- Colombia and Its History of Weak Institutions -- The Clinton Administration -- 1994: Republicans Take over Congress -- Ernesto Samper Toughens Stance on Drugs -- Counterproductive Policies: The U.S. Decertifies Colombia -- Conclusion -- 3 The Origins of Plan Colombia -- The Pastrana Administration -- Pastrana Travels North -- U.S. Congressional Debate -- Understanding the Formation of Plan Colombia -- Financing of Plan Colombia -- Components of Plan Colombia -- Military Components of Plan Colombia -- Aerial Eradication -- Alternative Development and Crop Substitution -- Strengthening Democracy and Institutions -- Conclusion -- 4 Uribe and the Fusion of the War on Drugs with the War on Terrorism -- External Shock: September 11, 2001 -- Uribe's Vision and Reorientation -- New Goals of Plan Colombia -- Expansion of Military Operations -- Controlling Land Seized -- Equipment and Training -- Uribe Seeks to Secure Infrastructure -- Increase of Resources for Interdiction -- Conceptual Analysis of Alternative Development Programs -- Results of Plan Colombia during the Uribe Administration: Successes against the FARC -- Victories against the AUC -- Weakening of the ELN -- Initial Successes Combating Corruption -- Parapolitics Scandal.

AbstractThis article examines tough‐on‐crime strategies in El Salvador, Honduras, and Mexico. These three countries have been plagued by gangs and organized crime‐related violence. Scholars have written about the consequences of iron fist strategies, which have resulted in increasing levels of violence. This article seeks to fill a gap in the scholarly literature by examining what factors influence perceptions about tough‐on‐crime strategies, using survey data in the cases of Mexico, El Salvador, and Honduras. The article finds that fear is a key factor that influences support formano durapolicies.

War, nuclear weapons, and terrorism are all major threats to US security, but a new set of emerging threats are challenging the current threat response apparatus and our ability to come up with creative and effective solutions. This book considers new, 'non-traditional' security issues such as: transnational organized crime, immigration and border security, cybersecurity, countering violent extremism and terrorism, environmental and energy security, as well as the rise of external actors. The work examines the major challenges and trends in security and explores the policy responses of the U.S. government. By using international relations theory as an analytical approach, Fonseca and Rosen present how these security threats have evolved over time.--

"Leading scholars and policy analysts from around the Americas come together to untangle the factors that have fuelled the implementation of mano dura politics, their rising popularity, and impacts across nine widely heterogeneous countries in Latin America. Beginning with a discussion on the concept of mano dura, the editors move to survey various theoretical approaches to punitivism, and later review the empirical research evaluating different drivers behind the adoption of tough on crime policies. Since hard-line initiatives often have consequences beyond the general goal of reducing violence, they then analyze the impacts of these policing strategies on crime rates and different democratic institutions. Country chapters on Mexico, El Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Brazil, and Argentina follow a common thematic structure to answer the following questions: What are some of the trends in gangs, organized crime, and violence? How have governments responded to combat crime and violence? What factors have fuelled the implementation of mano dura policies? Why are mano dura policies popular? What have the consequences of these policies been? Mano Dura Policies in Latin America is essential reading to students of Latin American studies, political science, public policy, and criminal justice. It will also interest scholars working on drug trafficking, organized crime, and violence in Latin America"--

Intro -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Introduction -- The Illegal Drug Trade in Global Security: Theories, Traits, and Trends -- Realism: Power Politics -- Liberalism -- Marxism: Beyond Class Warfare -- Social Constructivism: Ideas Matter -- Chapter Outline -- Conclusion -- Questions to Consider -- Notes -- Further Readings -- 2 The History of Drug Trafficking -- The State and Organized Crime -- Weak, Fragile, and Failed States -- Drug Trafficking and the State: The History of Drug Trafficking -- Levels of Analysis and Theoretical Significance: Applying Theories to the History -- Realism, Liberalism, and Constructivism: The State and the International System -- Realism -- Liberalism -- Constructivism -- Marxist Perspectives -- Conclusion -- Discussion Questions -- Notes -- Further Readings -- 3 Production Centers -- The Evolution of Drug Production and Trafficking -- Drug Trafficking and Organized Crime in Colombia -- State Fragility: Continued Collusion Between Organized Crime, Politicians, and Security Forces in Colombia -- Drug Trafficking and Organized Crime in Mexico -- Mexican Cartels, Drug Smuggling, and Fentanyl -- Theoretical Approach and Application -- Conclusion -- Discussion Questions -- Notes -- Further Readings -- 4 Transit Centers -- Gangs, Drug Trafficking, and Corruption: The Case of El Salvador -- Recent Trends in Salvadoran State Corruption and Collusion with Criminal Groups: The Symbiotic Relationship Between the State and Organized Crime at the Highest Level of Office -- Pressure to Combat Drug Trafficking and Gangs: Securitizing MS-13 -- Drug Trafficking, Organized Crime, and Violence in Honduras -- Theoretical Analysis and Applications -- Conclusion -- Discussion Questions -- Notes -- Further Readings -- 5 Terrorism and Organized Crime -- The Terrorist-Organized Crime Connection.

This book explores global drug trafficking networks impact on international security and provides an in-depth analysis of drug trafficking networks globally by integrating international relations and security studies theories. The book acts as a primer, simplifying the complicated world of narcotics and insecurity, while also providing policy recommendations for policy-makers hoping to reduce the power of organized criminal and terrorist networks globally. It will be of interest to undergraduates and postgraduates taking courses in International Relations, Global Politics, Defense Studies, Security Studies, and International Political Economy, as well as Criminal Justice, Sociology, and other social science disciplines that cover issues related to drug trafficking, organized crime, and violence. Hanna Samir Kassab is Assistant Professor of Political Science and Security Studies at East Carolina University. His most recent books include Weak States and Spheres of Great Power Competition and Crime, Violence and the State in Latin America. Jonathan D. Rosen is Assistant Professor in the Professional Security Studies Department at New Jersey City University. He has published 20 books on drug trafficking, organized crime, and violence.

"In this succinct text, Jonathan D. Rosen and Hanna Samir Kassab explore the linkage between weak institutions and government policies designed to combat drug trafficking, organized crime, and violence in Latin America. Using quantitative analysis to examine criminal violence and publicly available survey data from The Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP) to conduct regression analysis, individual case studies on Colombia, Mexico, El Salvador, and Nicaragua highlight the major challenges that governments face and how they have responded to various security issues. Rosen and Kassab later turn their attention to the role of external criminal actors in the region and offer policy recommendations, and lessons learned. Questions explored include: What are the major trends in organized crime in this country? How has organized crime evolved over time? Who are the major criminal actors? How has state fragility contributed to organized crime and violence (and vice versa)? What has been the government's response to drug trafficking and organized crime? Have such policies contributed to violence? Crime, Violence and the State in Latin America is suitable to both undergraduate and graduate courses in criminal justice, international relations, political science, comparative politics, international political economy, organized crime, drug trafficking, and violence"--

"In this succinct text, Jonathan D. Rosen and Hanna Samir Kassab explore the linkage between weak institutions and government policies designed to combat drug trafficking, organized crime, and violence in Latin America. Using quantitative analysis to examine criminal violence and publicly available survey data from The Latin American Public Opinion Project (LAPOP) to conduct regression analysis, individual case studies on Colombia, Mexico, El Salvador, and Nicaragua highlight the major challenges that governments face and how they have responded to various security issues. Rosen and Kassab later turn their attention to the role of external criminal actors in the region and offer policy recommendations, and lessons learned. Questions explored include: What are the major trends in organized crime in this country? How has organized crime evolved over time? Who are the major criminal actors? How has state fragility contributed to organized crime and violence (and vice versa)? What has been the government's response to drug trafficking and organized crime? Have such policies contributed to violence? Crime, Violence and the State in Latin America is suitable to both undergraduate and graduate courses in criminal justice, international relations, political science, comparative politics, international political economy, organized crime, drug trafficking, and violence"--

This book examines the nature of transnational organized crime and gangs, and how these diverse organizations contribute to violence, especially in so-called fragile states across Central and Latin America. While the nature of organized crime and violence differs depending on the context, the authors explain how and why states plagued by weak institutions tend to foster criminal organizations and violence, and why counter-crime initiatives often result in higher levels of violence. By examining the consequences of tough on crime policies (e.g., mano dura) in places like Mexico, El Salvador, and Colombia, the volume offers a new perspective on the link between state fragility, crime, and violence. Jonathan D. Rosen is Assistant Professor of Criminal Justice at Holy Family University, USA, and has most recently published The Losing War: Plan Colombia and Beyond. Hanna Samir Kassab is Teaching Assistant Professor at East Carolina University, USA, and has most recently published Grand Strategies of Weak States and Great Powers.--