Suchergebnisse

This paper explores the hypothesis that the credibility of economic policy making in Argentina (or lack thereof) has impacted the volatility of economic performance. To establish the link, a historical review of economic policy making and economic outcomes over the quarter century is presented, informed by a survey of the literature on credibility and the political economy of reforms. A more fundamental question is why policy shifts are so frequent, and this necessarily relates to the political institutions underlying policy making. A recent literature on citizen engagement and accountability, combined with international experience, is then used to consider policy options that could help reestablish credibility during the new administration.

Macroeconomic Policy, Credibility and Politics is meant to serve as a graduate textbook and literature survey of the recent advances in modelling government economic policy making. It is extremely successful in achieving both goals, unifying many of the different approaches to endogenizing government policy, one of the most active areas of macroeconomic theorizing in recent years. In addition to summarizing this literature, the "monograph," as the authors call it, presents some new results. ; Macroeconomic Policy, Credibility and Politics is meant to serve as a graduate textbook and literature survey of the recent advances in modelling government economic policy making. It is extremely successful in achieving both goals, unifying many of the different approaches to endogenizing government policy, one of the most active areas of macroeconomic theorizing in recent years. In addition to summarizing this literature, the "monograph," as the authors call it, presents some new results.

RESUMO Este artigo examina as diferenças nas receitas per capita nos estados e capitais de municípios do Brasil. Ele fornece uma visão geral teórica dos programas de equalização fiscal do Brasil (os Fundos de "Participação" estaduais e municipais). O documento fornece evidências de que esses programas não estão apenas falhando em atingir seus objetivos de equalização, mas também estão criando padrões distorcidos de receita per capita entre estados e municípios: alguns estados e municípios economicamente pobres têm receita per capita muito acima da média nacional. Esse padrão de receita per capita deve ser levado ao conhecimento do público e dos formuladores de políticas, para que eles possam: (i) avaliar melhor o desempenho dos governos estaduais e locais e (ii) avaliar melhor as propostas de revisão do sistema de federalismo fiscal do Brasil.

Uma comparacao das receitas "per capita" dos governos estaduais e municipais revela um fato marcante no Brasil: Estados e municipios com populacoes relativamente ricas nao necessariamente tem governos com recursos correspondentes. Essa constatacao talvez nao surpreenda devido a importancia das transferencias intergovernamentais no Brasil. Neste artigo, apresentam-se os dados comparativos de receitas para que os cidadaos brasileiros possam avaliar melhor o desempenho de seus governos estaduais e municipais. Atraves desta discussao, pretende-se contribuir para uma melhor compreensao das recentes propostas de mudancas no atual sistema do federalismo fiscal brasileiro. (Rev Econ Polit/DÜI)

Leading economists address the ongoing challenges to economics in theory and practice in a time of political and economic crises. More than a decade of financial crises, sovereign debt problems, political conflict, and rising xenophobia and protectionism has left the global economy unsettled and the ability of economics as a discipline to account for episodes of volatility uncertain. In this book, leading economists consider the state of their discipline in a world of ongoing economic and political crises. The book begins with three sweeping essays by Nobel laureates Kenneth Arrow (in one of his last published works), Amartya Sen, and Joseph Stiglitz that offer a summary of the theoretical foundations of modern economics—the twin pillars of general equilibrium theory and welfare economics. Contributors then turn to macroeconomic stabilization and growth and, finally, new areas of research that depart from traditional theory, methodology, and concerns: climate change, behavioral economics, and evolutionary game theory. The 2019 Nobel Prize laureates, Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo, and Michael Kremer, contribute a paper on the use of randomized control trials indevelopment economics. Contributors: Philippe Aghion, Ingela Alger, Kenneth Arrow, Abhijit Banerjee, Kaushik Basu, Lawrence Blume, Guillermo Calvo, Francesco Caselli, Asli Demirgüç-Kunt, Shantayanan Devarajan, Esther Duflo, Samuel Fankhauser, James Foster, Varun Gauri, Xavier Gine, Gäel Giraud, Gita Gopinath, Robert Hockett, Karla Hoff, Ravi Kanbur, Aart Kraay, Michael Kremer, David McKenzie, Célestin Monga, Maurice Obstfeld, Hamid Rashid, Martin Ravallion, Amartya Sen, Luis Servén, Hyun Song Shin, Nicholas Stern, Joseph Stiglitz, Cass Sunstein, Michael Toman, Jörgen Weibull

We live in troubled times. Over the past decade, the world economy has been wracked by financial crises, sovereign debt problems, backlash from political conflict and migrant crises, and, recently, a rise in xenophobia and protectionism. These issues raise major questions about the state of the world and also about the ability of economics to take on such challenges. Are these many economic and political crises and flare-ups symptoms of some deeper, underlying issues? Is economics as a discipline failing us at this time of soul searching? These are the questions that many are asking and that prompted the conference at the World Bank on which this book is based. We decided to bring in some of the finest minds in the profession—economists who have shaped modern economics—to ponder the state of the field and the state of the world in a series of papers. The conference consisted of 2 days of deliberation: The papers were presented, a distinguished group of economists commented on the presentations, and a large audience engaged with them in conversation and debate. This book is the outcome of these 2 days of deliberation.

Equilibrium, welfare and information / Kenneth Arrow -- Social choice and welfare economics / Amartya Sen -- The revolution of information economics : the past and the future / Joseph Stiglitz -- From chronic inflation to chronic deflation : focusing on expectations and liquidity -- Disarray since WWII / Guillermo Calvo -- Global liquidity and procyclicality / Hyun Song Shin -- Growth and development from a Schumpeterian perspective / Philippe Aghion -- Climate change, development, poverty, and economics / Samuel Fankhauser and Nicholas Stern -- Behaviorally informed / Cass Sunstein -- Morality : evolutionary foundations and policy implications / Ingela Alger and JÃrgen Weibull -- The influence of randomized controlled trials on development economics : research and on development policy / Abhijit Banerjee, Esther Duflo, and Michael Kremer

A strategy for sampling of animal tissues and a statistical approach for analyzing data on body burdens of a parent chemical and its metabolites is presented such that the data may be evaluated in relation to the detection limit(s)of the analytical techniques used and the criterion levels established for acceptable tissue concentrations.