Suchergebnisse

Thirty-eight percent of a random sample of 39 female IVDUs disclosed recent homosexual behavior. The women were interviewed in jail, but their homosexual relationships were formed and occurred primarily outside of jail. Ethnographic methods identified twice as much homosexuality as a structured research interview. The women who disclosed homosexual behavior, which reportedly had recent onset for most of them, usually did not self-label themselves as "gay" or "lesbian"; perhaps "bisexuality" best characterizes their sexual histories. These bisexual women were more likely to share needles and works than the heterosexual women, placing themselves and others at higher risk of HIV transmission; their sexual partners were usually other IVDUs. No precautions were being taken to prevent possible female-to-female sexual HIV transmission. Failure to take precautions against AIDS may be attributable to unjustified feelings of "safety" in often serially monogamous homosexual relationships, as well as sheer fatalism about HIV infection.

Process and outcome evaluation results are reported for a unique in-jail methadone maintenance program in New York City with three thousand admissions annually. The main study examined inmates who were not enrolled in methadone at arrest. Eighty percent were drug injectors (usually both heroin and cocaine) who admitted committing an average of 117 property crimes and nineteen violent crimes in the six months before jail. Methadone program participants' post-release outcomes were compared with outcomes for similar addicts who received seven-day heroin detoxification in jail. Multivariate analyses indicated that program participants were more likely than controls to apply for methadone or other drug abuse treatment after release and to be in treatment at a 6.5-month follow-up. Moreover, being in treatment at follow-up was associated with lower drug use and crime, but rates of retention in community treatment after release were modest. KEEP participants have more chronic and severe social and personal deficits than other addicts applying for treatment. The in-jail program was most effective in maintaining post-release continuity of methadone treatment for inmates already enrolled in methadone at arrest. The process evaluation yielded several recommendations to help overcome client-centered, administrative, and systemic obstacles to improved outcomes for this difficult-to-treat population of criminally-involved addicts.