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The public downfall of giant companies and an increase in corporate scandals and corporate crimes worldwide has drawn the attention of many in the business world. Growing economic activities that focus on increasing profits at the expense of social and environmental matters have led to self-centred, narrow-focused business planning and decisions. At a time of increasing globalisation and inter-connected economic systems, such a phenomenon is a concern for business practitioners in every country in the world. Consequently, shareholders and other stakeholders have encouraged firms to place issue

This book is comprised of academic work on key current issues pertaining to the areas of ethics, governance and corporate crimes. The book provides a platform for researchers to publish their work, articulate their concerns and offer critical perspectives on what they see happening around them.

Purpose
– The objectives of this paper are to examine the level of environmental disclosure in annual reports made by Malaysian public listed companies for the year ended 2009, and to investigate whether there are any relationships between board characteristics (board size and board independence), firm characteristics (business type) and human capital characteristics (age, knowledge background and proportion of female directors) and environmental disclosure in Malaysian public listed companies' annual reports for the year ended 2009.


Design/methodology/approach
– The study constructs the environmental disclosure index with 11 disclosure themes based on research by Sharifah et al. to determine the environmental disclosure level. The study uses content analysis to find the environmental disclosure items and constructs an environmental disclosure index from the companies' annual reports. Hierarchical regression analysis is used to examine the relationships between the environmental disclosure index and board characteristics (board size and board independence), firm characteristics (business type) and human capital characteristics (age, knowledge background and proportion of female directors).


Findings
– The results of the study reveal that there is a significant relationship between the existence of an independent non-executive chairman, the chairperson's age, the existence of a CEO with a law background and the industry type with the extent of environmental disclosure. The industry type is found to be the most significant variable that influences the level of environmental disclosure in Malaysian public listed companies for the year ended 2009.


Research limitations/implications
– The findings are limited to Malaysian public listed companies for the year January to December 2009. The source of the data used in this study is companies' annual reports only. This study has several implications that may apply in many countries, irrespective of whether they are developing or developed countries. First, it provides strong evidence to show that boards of directors and human capital are significant variables in the extent of disclosure. Second, it is useful to managers, especially to boards of directors in Malaysia, in identifying board characteristics and human capital characteristics that could improve companies' environmental activities; these could be disclosed in the interest of stakeholders and the public's environmental concern. Third, this study can also be used as an initial step for companies in to be involved in environmental activities. Prior studies have proved that these activities could enhance companies' image and reputation and could offer financial benefits to the business.


Originality/value
– The study extends the previous studies by the inclusion of human capital characteristics as a factor that influences environmental reporting in Malaysia. This study has demonstrated that to mitigate the agency problems between firms and shareholders, society and stakeholders, and particularly environmental impact, the inclusion of human capital characteristics as an indicator may help to reduce expected costs and negative impacts on firm value, and may also demonstrate to society and the company's stakeholders that individual firms are doing their part to help solve society's social and environmental problems through additional disclosures.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between corporate governance characteristics, namely the board size, board independence, duality, audit committee, ten largest shareholders, managerial ownership, foreign ownership and government ownership and the extent of corporate social responsibility disclosure.Design/methodology/approachThe content analysis was used to extract the CSR disclosure items from annual report and companies' web sites. Then, a CSR disclosure index was constructed after combining CSR disclosure items disclosed both in annual reports and in companies' web sites. Hierarchical regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between the corporate social disclosures index and the independent variables, namely the board size, board independence, duality, audit committee, ten largest shareholders, managerial ownership, foreign ownership and government ownership after statistically controlling the effects of a firm's size and the profitability of the companies.FindingsResults based on the full regression models indicated that only two variables were associated with the extent of disclosures, namely government ownership and audit committee. Government ownership and audit committee are positively and significantly correlated with the level of corporate social responsibility disclosure. The most significant variable that influences the level of CSR disclosure is government ownership.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings are limited to the context of the study and it was limited to Malaysian public listed companies, January to December 2006. The sources of data in this study were companies' annual reports and web sites only.Practical implicationsThe study is useful to organizations and statutory bodies to take into consideration in identifying the corporate governance characteristics that will enhance CSR disclosure, since it had been shown in previous studies that corporate social responsibility reporting in Malaysia is generally low. The government can determine how important it is that a company should be willing to allocate their costs towards corporate social responsibility activities. Thus, this study will emphasize the level of activities through corporate social responsibility reporting in Malaysian public listed companies and help the government to ascertain the level of corporate social responsibility activities through corporate social responsibility reporting among Malaysian public listed companies.Originality/valueThe study reveals the extent of the disclosure of corporate social responsibility to companies web sites and constructed the CSR index based on two sources of data, namely companies' web sites and annual reports.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of corporate governance and human governance on management commentary disclosure among Malaysian Public Listed in the Main Market, Bursa Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachThe annual reports of 150 companies listed on the main market, Bursa Malaysia, for the year ended 2014, are examined to analyze the company's management commentary disclosure using content analysis. A management commentary disclosure index was developed based on the five elements that had been established by the Malaysian Accounting Standards Board (MASB) in Practices of Management Commentary's framework. The study considers four corporate governance mechanisms such as board composition, board size, board's education and ownership structure. Structural equation modeling (SEM -PLS), partial least squares (PLS) and SmartPLS software were used to measure the impact of corporate governance and human capital on management commentary disclosure.FindingsThe results reveal that most of the information disclosure by Malaysian Listed companies was not presented in a complete and balanced manner and not providing an insight because they are more focused on describing the process. Besides, there was no clear link between companies' strategies and performance measure. Consequently, the reporting is not balanced and cannot assist the shareholders in understanding the opportunities and risk associated with the business. The results, based on a structural model, indicated that only two variables, namely, board size and board independence, showed a positive and significant influence on the degree of disclosure information of management commentary. Board independence is the most significant variable that influences the degree of corporate governance and human capital on management commentary disclosure.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the information disclosure literature as it presents in empirical evidence proving that governance mechanism affects the management commentary disclosure of information by companies. This study also provides additional information which is expedient to other researchers since there is lack of studies in management commentary which relates the attributes of corporate and human governance mechanisms as key drivers in providing management commentary information. Importantly, this study will stimulate the interest of academics in research activities concerning the attributes of governance mechanisms and corporate and human governance on management commentary activities.

1. Effective Board Governance Structure for a University Endowment Fund -- 2. Corporate and Shariah Governance Mechanisms and Earnings Quality in Islamic Banks: A Review and Evaluation of Patterns -- 3. The Corporate Ethical Identity of Shari'ah Compliant Companies on Islamic Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure -- 4. Halal-Green: The New Quality Management System -- 5. Muslim Friendly Hospitality: An Overview of the Emerging Hospitality Industry in Malaysia -- 6. Corporate Governance Mechanisms and Financial Performance: A Comparative Study between Local Islamic Banks and Local Conventional Banks in Malaysia -- 7. Reconstruction of the Islamic Sustainable Development Index -- 8. Enhancing Strategic CSR for Sustainability through Moderating Effect of Waqf Orientation: A Solution Through CSR-VBI Canvas -- 9. Challenges for Sustainable Islamic Microfinance Institutions in Malaysia -- 10. Exploring the Islamic Value Based Entrepreneurship in Malaysia -- 11. The Awareness of Wasiyyah (Will Writing) Practice Among Muslims -- 12. Impulse Buying Behaviour from Islamic Perspective: A Conceptual Paper -- 13. Islamic-Based Relationship Marketing: An Integration of Internal and External Marketing -- 14. Development Framework for Affordable Housing on Waqf Land -- 15. Application of Maqasid al-Shariah Principles in Auto Takaful Underwriting Practices -- 16. Is Hajiyat still the Basis for Takaful Operators to Resort to Conventional Re-insurance? An Appraisal on Malaysian Takaful Industry -- 17. A Critical Analysis of Zakat and Waqf in Sustaining the Development and Survival of Pondok Institution in Kedah -- 18. The Fiqh Method in Islamic Social Entrepreneurship: An Introduction -- 19. Legal Framework and Approaches In Appointing a Higher Education Institution as Waqf Manager -- 20. The Need for Credible Reporting of Shariᶜah Non-Compliance Event by Islamic banks in Malaysia -- 21. Wasiyyah Wajibah Law in Malaysia – Concept, Application and Practices -- 22. Contextual Meaning of Project Management Elements from The Quran,- 23. The Identity of Islam in Project Development and The Public Realm Resisting global mimicry and returning to contextualised inventiveness -- 24. The Applicability of the Theory of Reasoned Action in Predicting the Intention to Save for Retirement -- 25. Zakat VS Taxation: An Overview of the Implementation in Malaysia -- 26. Employability and Performance of Islamic Studies Graduates in UNISHAMS -- 27. Muslim Minority in China: A Case of Uyghur Muslims in Xinjiang

This book discusses several important issues related to corporate governance reporting, corporate social responsibility (CSR), fraud and bankruptcy. It gathers papers presented at the 6th International Conference on Governance, Fraud, Ethics and Social Responsibility, which was held in Penang, Malaysia on 18?19 November 2015. The content is divided into three major sub-themes: Corporate Governance and Accountability; Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and Sustainable Development; and Ethics, Risk and Fraud. The first sub-theme addresses recently identified issues, such as corporate governance reporting, corporate governance regulation differences between countries, governance and financial market economics, financial market supervision, and control and risk management. In turn, the second sub-theme focuses on international auditing standards, green/socially responsible investment, environmental and social accounting and auditing, CSR-related matters, legislation and CSR reporting differences for public listed companies, accounting for sustainable development performance, and sustainability assessment models. The third sub-theme puts the spotlight on financial assessment and diagnosis, modeling, hedging, fraud, bankruptcy, accounting and auditing ethics and ethical problems in financial markets. Taken together, the issues discussed here provide state of art theories and empirical evidence approached from broad perspectives, making the book a valuable resource for researchers, students and practitioners alike.

Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Ethics and Governance -- 1 Beyond Good Practices and Standards: An Islamic Framework of Sustainable Business Practices for Corporate Organisation -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Good Practices and Standards in Business from a Capitalists Perspective -- The Islamic Framework for Good Practices and Standards in Business -- Ikhlas (Sincerity) -- 'Ilm (Knowledge) -- Hikmah (Wisdom) -- Hilm (Forbearance) and Rifq (Gentleness) -- Sabr (Patience) -- Tawaadu' (Humility) -- Qudwah (Good Example) -- Husnul-Istimaa' (Good Listening) -- Shajaa'ah (Courage) -- Karam (Generosity) -- Incorporating Islamic Framework for Sustainable Business into Practices of Corporate Organisation -- Conclusion -- References -- 2 Determinants of Islamic Social Reporting Disclosure: The Case of Jakarta Islamic Index -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Theoretical Framework and Hypothesis Development -- Research Methodology -- Population and Sample -- Measurement of Variables -- Model Analysis -- Results and Discussion -- Result -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- Limitation and Recommendation -- References -- 3 An Insight on the Impact of Norms and Ethics on Tax Compliance -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Tax Compliance -- Norms -- Ethics -- The Link Between Norms, Ethics and Tax Compliance -- Conclusion -- References -- 4 Corporate Governance Practices and Firm Performance After Revised Code of Corporate Governance: Evidence from Malaysia -- Abstract -- Introduction -- Literature Review and Hypothesis Development -- Review of Corporate Governance Mechanism -- Multiple Directorships -- Board Independence -- Board Size -- CEO Duality -- Sample Description and Variables Measurement -- Data and Sample Selection -- Dependent Variables -- Independent Variables -- Result and Discussion -- Descriptive Analysis -- Correlation Analysis -- Multiple Regression Analysis