Suchergebnisse

This study examines how well Devereux behavior rating scales perform as sensitive and reliable instruments for delineating inappropriate behavior among visually impaired children at a residential school. Three Devereux scales were administered: the Child Behavior Rating Scale; the Adolescent Behavior Rating Scale; and the Elementary School Behavior Rating Scale. Students were rated on the scales, from which obviously inappropriate items had been deleted by houseparents and teachers. One week later, a random sample of students was selected for re-evaluation, as a measure of test-retest reliability. The results suggest that the scales could be viable evaluation instruments, though the Child Behavior Rating Scale showed unacceptable test-retest reliability.

Heart failure is a complex, progressive disease with an uncertain trajectory. Those with advanced heart failure (AHF) experience substantial spiritual needs. Spiritual interventions may enhance quality of life and reduce anxiety and depression, but studies are limited and none have focused exclusively on the AHF patient population. This is the first feasibility randomized controlled trial (RCT) to ascertain the clinical and cost effectiveness of a spiritual intervention (spiritual support) in AHF patients. A total of 47 AHF patients were randomized to control (standard care, n = 25) or intervention (standard care plus spiritual support, n = 22) groups. Spiritual support consisted of a one-hour discussion facilitated by trained volunteers using a "Spiritual Enquiry Tool" at two-monthly intervals over six months. Participants completed validated measures of spiritual well-being, depression/anxiety, and health-related quality of life (QoL). Purpose-designed questionnaires gathered information on demographics, NHS resource use, confounding factors, and satisfaction with spiritual support. The new information was to help researchers design an RCT to determine the clinical and cost effectiveness of spiritual support within a holistic model of care for AHF patients. Future trends worthy of further investigation include (i) the possible positive effect of spiritual support on QoL and anxiety, and (ii) possible lower NHS resource use and cost savings in patients receiving spiritual support. Overall, the key message of this study is that researchers must evaluate whether the cost of running a well-designed trial of this nature is justified in the current economic climate, where funding bodies are looking for value for money.

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to enhance the understanding of employers' responses to the restroom requests of transgender employees, and to assess the ability as educators to reduce transphobia in the students.Design/methodology/approach– Subjects were 194 undergraduate business students at a medium-sized public university in the northeastern USA who were enrolled in an undergraduate course in organizational behavior. During class, they read a brief case which asked the students to play the role of a CEO in Little Rock, Arkansas, receiving a complaint from a female employee about using the same restroom as a coworker who is transitioning from male to female.Findings– The most inclusive response was also the rarest, with only 27 percent of students recommending unisex bathrooms. Hostile actions, forcing the transitioning employee to use the men's restroom, were recommended by 38 percent of those who correctly realized that an employee would be unprotected by sexual orientation discrimination law in this case and by 30 percent of those who thought that she could sue for that type of discrimination in that jurisdiction.Research limitations/implications– It would be interesting to replicate this with non-student samples such as human resource managers and executives. The use of a US sample and of a text-based case can also be viewed as weaknesses. Because gender identity is embodied, self-constructed, and socially constructed, no single research study can capture the totality of work life for transgender employees.Practical implications– Transphobia is so powerful that a substantial percentage of the students recommended courses of action that they believed to be illegal even though the study was designed to discourage a hostile response. Employers that are concerned about transgender rights will need to do a lot more than just grafting the word "transgender" onto their extant set of policies.Social implications– Since today's business students are tomorrow's business leaders, the authors could eventually make the business world more tolerant if the authors could identify a message that resonates with the students and causes them to re-evaluate their homophobia and transphobia.Originality/value– Empirical studies of transgender issues have been dominated by the qualitative approach, so there is a need for more quantitative research on this topic. The hostile responses usually indicated greater acceptance of transgender employees who have completed gender reassignment surgery. This seems difficult to reconcile with a conception of transphobia as a generalized distaste towards all those who transgress gender norms.

Transgender employees may suffer from discrimination due to transphobia. This article evaluates a pedagogical intervention designed to reduce the transphobia of North American undergraduate business students. Participants were enrolled in an organizational behavior course. They resolved a simulated dispute between coworkers over accommodating the bathroom choices of a transgender employee. Answers were classified as demonstrating inclusion, compliance, or hostility with the inclusive response being the establishment of gender-neutral restrooms and the hostile response being refusal to accept the transgender employee's bathroom choice. In the first year, 194 students completed the exercise with no advance preparation, while in the second year, 221 students performed the same task after reading a brief article about transgender employees. Results suggest that the intervention was effective as the inclusive response was most popular in the second year even though it had been least popular in the first year. Complete success was not attained, as one sixth of the students in the second year chose hostile responses. Implications for research, teaching, and practice are discussed.

Spiritual care is a fundamental aspect of caring and compassionate nursing/midwifery practice. However, nurses/midwives consistently report feeling unprepared to provide spiritual care for various reasons. A key reason appears to be the lack of structured spiritual care education in undergraduate nursing/midwifery curricula. Between 2016 and 2019, the three-year, European EPICC project ('Enhancing nurses' and midwives' competence in Providing spiritual care through Innovative education and 'Compassionate Care') sought to address gaps in nursing/midwifery competence in spiritual care. A key project output, and the focus of this paper, is the EPICC Gold Standard Matrix for Spiritual Care Education ('EPICC Matrix'), which depicts the complex array of factors hindering/facilitating the development of nursing/midwifery spiritual care competency. The EPICC project followed two major studies that identified factors contributing to nursing/midwifery spiritual care competency development. This evidence, along with the mixed methods focus of the EPICC project to enable co-projection of its outputs informed the development of the EPICC Matrix. The EPICC Matrix was considered to represent 'the cultural, social and political environment in which spiritual care competency develops' in student nurses/midwives. The EPICC Matrix illustrates spiritual care educational considerations during the process of selecting suitable nursing/midwifery students; through the specific aspects of the teaching and learning environment, the student as a person, and the clinical environment in which spiritual care competency develops; and finally, how the student is assessed as competent in providing spiritual care. Recent research supports the use of the EPICC Matrix in undergraduate nursing/midwifery curricula and strengthens the case for support of the other EPICC project outputs, including: the EPICC Spiritual Care Education Standard, EPICC Adoption Toolkit, and the continuation of the EPICC Network. Further testing of the EPICC Matrix to ...

This issue of Health and Social Care Chaplaincy presents a wide range of topics relating to: (i) spirituality and spiritual care education, (ii) mental health care, (iii) hearing impairment, and (iv) COVID-19 in residential aged care. A number of book reviews are presented, as well as the annual overview of HSCC. Finally, we welcome a new HSCC Editor-in-Chief and remind readers of the upcoming European Conference on Religion, Spirituality and Health planned for 2024. Further, we provide advance notice of a forthcoming conference currently in planning – namely the inaugural International Moral Injury and Wellbeing Conference (IMIWC, 2024).

A diverse range of topics are covered in this issue of Health and Social Care Chaplaincy, namely: (i) end of life care, (ii) chaplaincy boundaries, (iii) moral injury, (iv) suicide, and (v) the increasingly important issue of electronic patient records. This issue also includes, once again, a number of book reviews. Finally, we welcome two new Co-Editors to the HSCC team, and note an upcoming European conference planned for 2024 focusing on spiritual care interventions.

"If it is not charted: it did not happen." The charting of healthcare chaplaincy contacts in patient files has been controversially discussed in the literature in recent years. In particular, entries in digital medical records raise questions among pastoral care managers about confidentiality, data protection regulations and managerial interests.
The European White Paper on charting in healtcare chaplaincy argues that charting chaplaincy contacts with patients and relatives (1) makes their spiritual needs visible, (2) contributes to improved interprofessional communication about chaplaincy and (3) makes the work of chaplains transparant. Charting improves the quality of care for patients, promotes the professionalism of chaplaincy and facilitates interdisciplinary exchange and multi-professional cooperation. It should be noted that entries in patient files should be made as if the patient were reading them. Descriptions must be adequate, understandable and concrete: The reason for the contact, assessment, changes resulting from the contact, interventions made and further planning are five steps of patient-centred pastoral care documentation. They respect patient rights and the principles of clinical ethics. In each case, questions of the software used, access rights and the use of the collected data material need to be clarified.
The documentation of chaplaincy contacts can improve the relationship between patient and chaplain if it is included in the care. Last but not least, chaplaincy charting creates a data basis for practice-oriented research and training and for the development of the profession.