Suchergebnisse

Prasmės sąvoka yra sietina su XX a. susiformavusia vadinamąja egzistencializmo kryptimi, kurios pagrindinis svarstymų objektas yra gyvenimo prasmės klausimas. Šio straipsnio tikslas yra pateikti Heideggerio prasmės sampratos analitiką Aristotelio filosofijos kontekste. "Būtyje ir laike" Heideggeris nurodo, kad jo pagrindinis tikslas yra naujai kelti būties prasmės klausimą tradicinės ontologijos kritikos kontekste. Teigiama, kad svarbiausias ir tradicinės ontologijos turinį geriausiai reprezentuojantis mąstytojas Heideggeriui yra Aristotelis, o Heideggerio egzistencinė prasmės interpretacija yra reakcija bei Aristotelio teleologijos ir etikos kritika.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: Heideggeris, Aristotelis, prasmė, būtis, teleologija, egzistencija.
Heidegger's Conception of Meaning in the Context of Aristotle's Philosophical ThoughtAneta Rostovskytė
AbstractThe aim of this paper is to analyse Martin Heidegger's conception of the meaning of Being against the background of Aristotle's philosophical thought. In Being and Time Heidegger shows how this question of the meaning of Being should be thoroughly worked out in the light of the critique of the traditional ontology. The paper argues that for Heidegger the key thinker exemplifying the content of traditional ontology is Aristotle. Thus Heidegger's philosophical interpretation of the meaning of the temporality of human existence is both reaction to and critique of Aristotelian teleology and ethics.Keywords: Heidegger, Aristotle, meaning, Being, teleology, existence.

The society decentration analysed in the article is related to society democratisation, which started in the West in the 20th century. One of the main features of democratisation is criticism of hegemonic discourses and emphasis on possibility of pluralistic thinking. The potential of coexistence of different world-views arises from perception that all the great narratives of reality cognition that had existed historically and pretended to be a truth, as J. F. Lyotard noticed, were just the symbolic structures supported by power, which were subjectively made objective. Hence, the democratic society, unlike societies controlled by autocratic, authoritarian or totalitarian power, is always concerned with decentralisation of governmental power by giving a right of speaking not only to representatives of government, but also to members of society. It shows that individual members of society or their groups have a right to assess governmental decisions taken or being taken in a critical perspective and suggest variants of world perception different from those of the government. Structurally, the article is divided into two parts: a) we discuss the preconditions for formation of society democratisation, b) we analyse course-books on the fundamentals of public-spirit education, which are intended for Lithuanian comprehensive schools in pursuance of ascertainment of how the content of the course-books is actually oriented towards development of a free, critically thinking person accepting a variety of views, which is typical of a democratic society.

The society decentration analysed in the article is related to society democratisation, which started in the West in the 20th century. One of the main features of democratisation is criticism of hegemonic discourses and emphasis on possibility of pluralistic thinking. The potential of coexistence of different world-views arises from perception that all the great narratives of reality cognition that had existed historically and pretended to be a truth, as J. F. Lyotard noticed, were just the symbolic structures supported by power, which were subjectively made objective. Hence, the democratic society, unlike societies controlled by autocratic, authoritarian or totalitarian power, is always concerned with decentralisation of governmental power by giving a right of speaking not only to representatives of government, but also to members of society. It shows that individual members of society or their groups have a right to assess governmental decisions taken or being taken in a critical perspective and suggest variants of world perception different from those of the government. Structurally, the article is divided into two parts: a) we discuss the preconditions for formation of society democratisation, b) we analyse course-books on the fundamentals of public-spirit education, which are intended for Lithuanian comprehensive schools in pursuance of ascertainment of how the content of the course-books is actually oriented towards development of a free, critically thinking person accepting a variety of views, which is typical of a democratic society.

The paper critically engages with Jean-Paul Sartre's philosophical project of Being and Nothingness, especially with the way Sartre articulates the key philosophical question of the meaning of human existence. It argues that the problem of the meaning of being in Sartre's thought is rooted in the negation of the metaphysical base. To explain this philosophical negation we aim to spell out Sartre's rejection of the dualism between being and appearance. We argue that Sartre's philosophical emphases on appearance, on nothingness, and the negation of the consciousness of the Other should be understood against the socio-political background of the mid twentieth century post-war Europe. Sartre's understanding of the non-authentic and authentic conditions of existence, otherwise known as the individual and non-individual, is also critically discussed. The paper concludes that Sartre's emphasis on nescience and on radical choice is both philosophically and existentially counterproductive. ; Straipsnyje kritiškai aptariamas Jeano-Paulo Sartre'o filosofinis Būties ir niekio projektas, ypač jame pateikta filosofinė žmogaus egzistencijos prasmės interpretacija. Teigiama, kad būties prasmės problema Sartre'o mintyje yra tiesiogiai susijusi su jo metafizinio pagrindo neigimu. Tam, kad būtų paaiškinta ši Sartre'o neigimo filosofinė koncepcija, siekiama aptarti jo būties ir regimybės dualizmo atmetimą. Prancūzų filosofo regimybės, niekio ir kito sąmonės neigimo ontologinė artikuliacija turi būti suprantama socialiniame politiniame pokario Europos kultūriniame kontekste. Straipsnyje trumpai aptariama ir Sartre'o skirtis tarp autentiškos ir neautentiškos egzistencijos. Išvadose teigiama, kad Sartre'o akcentuojamos nežinojimo ir radikalaus pasirinkimo sampratos nėra nei filosofiškai, nei egzistenciškai įtekančios.

Straipsnyje kritiškai aptariamas Jeano-Paulo Sartre'o filosofinis Būties ir niekio projektas, ypač jame pateikta filosofinė žmogaus egzistencijos prasmės interpretacija. Teigiama, kad būties prasmės problema Sartre'o mintyje yra tiesiogiai susijusi su jo metafizinio pagrindo neigimu. Tam, kad būtų paaiškinta ši Sartre'o neigimo filosofinė koncepcija, siekiama aptarti jo būties ir regimybės dualizmo atmetimą. Prancūzų filosofo regimybės, niekio ir kito sąmonės neigimo ontologinė artikuliacija turi būti suprantama socialiniame politiniame pokario Europos kultūriniame kontekste. Straipsnyje trumpai aptariama ir Sartre'o skirtis tarp autentiškos ir neautentiškos egzistencijos. Išvadose teigiama, kad Sartre'o akcentuojamos nežinojimo ir radikalaus pasirinkimo sampratos nėra nei filosofiškai, nei egzistenciškai įtekančios.