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Arguing that the familiar categories of victim, perpetrator, and bystander do not adequately account for our involvement in historical violence and contemporary inequality, this book introduces a new theory of political responsibility through the figure of the implicated subject.

This essay sketches Primo Levi's emergence from obscurity to near-universal acclaim in the United States, where he is now considered one of the most important witnesses of the Nazi genocide and a significant twentieth-century writer. As he emerged into the American public sphere, Levi came to occupy a particular discursive place as a representative bearer of Enlightenment values. Among intellectuals across the political spectrum his reputation for sobriety and secular reason stands against other, more dominant tendencies in American Holocaust culture, such as the sacralization of the genocide often associated with another survivor-writer, Elie Wiesel.

Muss sich unsere Erinnerungspolitik vor dem Hintergrund gesellschaftlicher Entwicklungen und postkolonialer Debatten verändern? Mit seinem Konzept der "multidirektionalen Erinnerung"" versucht der Literaturwissenschaftler Michael Rothberg, einen Ansatz für eine neue Gedenkkultur zu skizzieren. Anhand der Lektüre von Texten etwa von Hannah Arendt, Aimé Césaire oder W.E.B. Du Bois, die sich sowohl mit der Shoah als auch mit kolonialen Verbrechen und Genoziden beschäftigen, arbeitet Rothberg heraus, welchen Einfluss postkoloniale Perspektiven für die Holocaustforschung hatten und heute haben können. Auch die vom Algerienkrieg ausgelösten Debatten über koloniale Herrschaft und Faschismus stehen für ihn für eine konstruktive Verbindung verschiedener Perspektiven. So plädiert Rothberg dafür, Ereignisse der globalen Gewaltgeschichte zusammenzudenken, ohne sie dabei zu relativieren oder zu verharmlosen. Vielmehr könne das Herstellen von Bezügen den Blick für Spezifisches schärfen, Differenzen deutlich machen und Solidarität befördern, ohne dass eine Konkurrenz im Gedenken entstehe. Dieses sei, so der Autor, kein "Nullsummenspiel", in dem die Erinnerung an ein historisches Verbrechen zwangsläufig die an ein anderes beschneiden müsse.

Abstract

Aims
Acamprosate, naltrexone and disulfiram are underprescribed for alcohol use disorder (AUD) with marked variability among primary care providers (PCPs). We aimed to identify differences between high and low prescribers of medications for AUD (MAUD) with regard to knowledge, experiences, prioritization and attitudes.


Methods
We surveyed PCPs from a large healthcare system with at least 20 patients with AUD. Prescribing rates were obtained from the electronic health record (EHR). Survey responses were scored from strongly disagree (1) to strongly agree (5). Multiple imputation was used to generate attitude scores for 7 missing subjects. PCPs were divided into groups by the median prescribing rate and attitude. Comparisons were made using Wilcoxon rank-sum and regression.


Results
Of the 182 eligible PCPs, 68 (37.4%) completed the survey. Most indicated willingness to attend an educational course (57.4%). Compared with low prescribers, high prescribers viewed the effectiveness of medications more favorably (short term 4.0 vs 3.7, P = 0.02; long term 3.5 vs 3.2, P = 0.04) and were more likely to view prescribing as part of their job (3.9 vs 3.4, P = 0.04). PCPs with positive attitudes (72.4%, CI 60.9–83.8%) had a prescribing rate of 5.0% (CI 3.5–6.5%) compared to 1.9% (CI 0.5–3.4%) among those with negative attitudes (P = 0.028). When stratified by attitude, belief in effectiveness was associated with higher prescribing among PCPs with positive attitudes but not those with negative attitudes.


Conclusions
PCPs indicated an interest in learning to prescribe MAUD. However, education alone may not be effective unless physicians have positive attitudes towards patients with AUD.

BackgroundAntiretroviral prescribing errors are common among hospitalized patients. Inadequate medical knowledge is likely one of the factors leading to these errors. Our objective was to determine the proportion of hospital physicians with knowledge gaps about prescribing antiretroviral medications for hospitalized HIV‐infected patients and to correlate knowledge with length and type of medical training and experience.MethodsWe conducted an electronic survey comprising of ten clinical scenarios based on antiretroviral‐prescribing errors seen at two community teaching hospitals. It also contained demographic questions regarding length and type of medical training and antiretroviral prescribing experience. Three hundred and forty three physicians at both hospitals were asked to anonymously complete the survey between February 2007 and April 2007.ResultsOne hundred and fifty‐seven physicians (46%) completed at least one question. The mean percentage of correct responses was 33% for resident physicians, 37% for attending physicians, and 93% for Infectious Diseases or HIV (ID/HIV) specialist physicians. Higher scores were independently associated with ID/HIV specialty, number of outpatients seen per month and physician reported comfort level in managing HIV patients (P < .001).ConclusionNon‐ID/HIV physicians had uniformly poor knowledge of common antiretroviral medication regimens. Involvement of ID/HIV specialists in the prescribing of antiretrovirals in hospitalized patients might mitigate prescribing errors stemming from knowledge deficits.

OBJECTIVE: The most effective forms of emergency contraception (EC) require a prescription or a medical procedure; therefore, provider willingness to offer EC remains critical to patient access. This study seeks to assess whether political alignment of a provider's county is associated with provider attitudes and behaviors regarding EC. STUDY DESIGN: We analyzed survey data collected from 1313 healthcare providers from February 2013 to April 2014 at 14 academic medical centers in the United States. Using logistic regression, we estimated associations between the county political alignment of a provider's practice and his or her EC-related beliefs and practices: 1) if the provider is aware of the most effective EC methods; 2) if knowing that a hypothetical EC method prevented implantation would make a provider less likely to prescribe that method because of personal ethical or religious reasons; and 3) if the provider prescribes any form of EC in his or her practice. RESULTS: In multivariate models, a one percentage-point increase in county Republican vote share was associated with a 2.9% decrease in the odds of a provider prescribing EC, after accounting for provider knowledge and attitudes about EC. CONCLUSIONS: EC provides a critical last chance to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex, yet women living in Republican-leaning counties may face difficulty obtaining EC from healthcare providers. Programs seeking to improve access to EC should focus on areas likely to have fewer providers willing to prescribe EC, which may be those that are more Republican-leaning. IMPLICATIONS: The most effective forms of emergency contraception require a prescription or a medical procedure; therefore, provider willingness to offer EC remains critical to patient access. Women living in Republican-leaning counties may face difficulty obtaining emergency contraception from healthcare providers.

Talking about the Holocaust has provided an international language for ethics, victimization, political claims, and constructions of collective identity. As part of a worldwide vocabulary, that language helps set the tenor of the era of globalization. This volume addresses manifestations of Holocaust-engendered global discourse by critically examining their function and inherent dilemmas, and the ways in which Holocaust-related matters still instigate public debate and academic deliberation. It contends that the contradiction between the totalizing logic of globalization and the assumed uniqueness of the Holocaust generates continued intellectual and practical discontent