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Intro -- Contents -- Author Biography -- Arctic Ocean Shipping Navigation, Security and Sovereignty in the North American Arctic -- Abstract -- Keywords -- I Introduction -- II Arctic Ocean Legal Regime -- A International Law in the Arctic Ocean -- B Arctic Sovereignty and International Law -- C Arctic Shipping and International Law -- D Regime of International Straits -- E Arctic Governance -- III Arctic Navigation -- A Arctic Navigation Routes -- B Northwest Passage -- 1 Manhattan and Polar Sea Voyages -- 2 The Northwest Passage as an International Strait -- 3 NORDREG -- C Bering Strait -- 1 The Bering Strait and UNCLOS -- D Arctic Straits and Trans-Arctic Shipping -- 1 Nares Strait -- 2 Davis Strait -- 3 Fram Strait -- 4 Denmark Strait -- E Navigational Rights within the EEZ and High Seas -- F Canadian and US Arctic Rights and Interests -- 1 Canada -- 2 The United States -- 3 Shared Canadian and US Arctic Interests -- IV Arctic Maritime Security -- A Post 9/11 Global Security Concerns -- 1 Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism -- 2 Port Security -- 3 Safety of Navigation -- 4 Maritime Search and Rescue -- V Concluding Remarks -- References

On August 24, 2018, the secretariat of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) released its report and recommendations on its review of the introduction from the sea of sei whales (Balaenoptera Borealis) by Japan. The report was prepared by the secretariat under CITES Article XIII for consideration at the 70th meeting of the CITES Standing Committee, which met in Sochi, Russian Federation, from October 1 to 5, 2018.