Suchergebnisse

This is the first book to bring together international scholars from around the world and from a wide variety of disciplines, to discover what is known about grandfathers and analyse the impact of close involvement with their grandchildren. Within the context of increased divorce rates, single parent families and healthier, more active elders, grandfathers have come out of the shadows and re-invented themselves in a new caring, nurturing role. These original studies demonstrate that grandfather involvement is independently and positively associated with higher levels of child well-being in the UK and South Africa, as well as in Arab and Israeli teenagers, and pre-school children in England. The chapters conclude that societies could benefit from encouraging more grandfathers to become actively involved in their grandchildren lives and argues the case for grandparent visitation rights in those countries that currently do not have them.

What is happening to fertility behaviour? -- No time for children? the key questions / Ann Buchanan and Anna Rotkirch -- Demographic transitions and familial change : comparative international perspectives / David S. Reher -- The growth of the one-child family and other changes in the low fertility countries of Asia / Gavin W. Jones -- Childlessness : choice and circumstances / John Haskey -- Population decline : facing an inevitable destiny? / David Coleman and Bob Rowthorn -- What are the reasons for women having fewer children? -- Why are women having fewer babies? / The views of Mumsnet users / Justine Roberts, Kate Williams and Ann Buchanan -- Young women's relationships, contraception and unintended pregnancy in the United States / Jennifer S. Barber, Yasamin Kusunoki, Heather H. Gatny,and Jennifer Yarger -- Crisis and control : Russia's dramatic fertility decline and efforts to increase it / Brienna Perelli-Harris and Olga Isupova -- The choice of having a second child and its implication for future family structure in China / Zhenzhen Zheng -- Childbearing and the impact of HIV : the South African experience / Lorna Benton and Marie-Louise Newell -- Declining fertility, television and the (mis) representation of motherhood / Stuart Basten -- What will be the impact of women having fewer babies? -- What will be the impact on the well-being of children? / Ann Buchanan -- Falling fertility, ageing, and Europe's demographic deficit / Sarah Harper -- The impact on mothers : managing the competing needs / Ann Buchanan -- Baby fever and longing for children / Anna Rotkirch -- A look into the crystal ball : possible responses -- Family policy and fertility : do policies make a difference? / Anne H. Gauthier -- Investing in early childhood / Gøsta Esping-Andersen -- Making time for children / Ann Buchanan and Anna Rotkirch

While much of the world worries about increasing population, this book looks the other way. It highlights the dramatic fall in fertility rates in all regions of the world. Demographers suggest that by 2050 this will lead to population decline. While environmentally this may be welcomed, there may also be negative impacts on our economies: less workers, an increasing number of elderly, and more unwanted childlessness. In this book, key experts untangle the reasons for not having children; international case studies demonstrate that there are similar but also different reasons operating in different areas and psychologists and sociologists explore the possible impact on children, parents and the elderly. Given that fertility trends are not easy to reverse, the book concludes that more needs to be done to maximize the potential of all children; particularly those who have been at the margins of society.

The gender implications of the emerging field of psychoanalysis in post-Soviet Russia are discussed, based on interviews with 1 male & 8 female professional psychoanalysts in St. Petersburg & Moscow. The recent revival of psychoanalysis in Russia is characterized by (1) assimilation of individualizing, middle-class, Western influences into Russian culture; (2) theoretization & redfinition of gender roles; & (3) reliance on classical Freudian psychoanalysis in the absence of Russian translations of more recent Western feminist critiques & alternative theories. The utilization of traditional psychoanalysis has created a conflict for female professionals between the gender stereotypes advocated by the Freudian perspective & the Western-inspired drive for personal growth & professional achievement among both genders. This paradox has been resolved by defining psychoanalysis as a professional sphere separate from the male-dominated public spheres of employment. Although psychoanalysis has promoted discussion of previously overlooked sexual & personal relations, its current form reinforces bourgeois stereotypes of women as passive, intellectually inferior, & unsuited for employment. T. Sevier

This study projects different dependency ratios under various scenarios of future fertility and tertiary education in Finland to assess how the economic consequences of population aging depend on these trends. Applying a multidimensional demographic approach through a discrete-time microsimulation model, we project the newly introduced productivity-weighted labour force dependency ratio for Finnish scenarios until 2060 and compared it with the labour force dependency ratio and the traditional age dependency ratio. Results show that population aging looks less daunting when considering labour force dependency ratios as compared to purely age-based ratios, yet all measures and scenarios show a deterioration of the dependency ratio. While the old age dependency ratio is projected to increase by 73 per cent, the labour force dependency ratio would increase by 32 per cent, and the productivity weighted labour force dependency ratio by 28 per cent. Provided a more rapid increase in educational attainment, the last indicator is expected to increase less, with 21 per cent until 2060. Should the stalled trend in educational achievement of the 2010s continue, there would be very modest future gains in the productivity-weighted ratio. In other words, the consequences of population ageing look less dramatic for economic productivity, were Finnish men to become as educated as Finnish women. Of the three fertility scenarios considered, a total fertility rate of 2.0 is most advantageous and a low fertility of 1.2 least optimal for adult dependency ratios, but only after 2050. Interestingly, a combination of recovered fertility to 1.6 with a more rapid educational expansion would be better for productivity than only raising fertility to 2.0. Boosting educational levels would hence mitigate the negative effects of a shrinking labour force more than increasing fertility within reasonable bounds. Our results suggest that implementation of the current government goals for educational expansion, combined with a not unrealistic ...