Suchergebnisse

Within the framework of the chronological et typological space made of the territories between the Loire river and the Pyrénées mountain at the beginning of early Middle Ages, cultural and political diversity leads to a transformation of the funerary containers. Between roman heritage and local innovation, the sarcophagi production undergoes various evolutions, partially constrained by the available natural resources and the tools used. The main goal of this work was in a first place to take an inventory of the sarcophagi and study their dispersion on the territory mentioned. The 1840 sarcophagi identified over more than 150 archaeological sites implied developing a suitable methodology and useful tools to gather the data and permit their analysis. Therefore, a practical database was designed to fulfill the need of recording measures, preservation state and other information on the sarcophagi observed. At the same time, the different defined types of sarcophagi were depicted on maps, in order to evaluate their geographical dispersion. This comparative approach based on morphological and typological study of the funerary containers has been enhanced with statistical analyses on measures recorded. These different processes succeeded in depicting various productions with different characteristics. In addition to these characteristics, the data collected allowed to feed different topics on a larger scale, such as the diffusion of these goods beyond strong cultural frontiers. On the contrary, distribution networks appear to be well organized and very efficient on a local or regional scale. Most of the sarcophagi productions are local, and only types and ideas travel, even if some of the sarcophagi travelled over long distances. The conclusions obtained shed the light on new elements on topics such as economy and techniques, where the sarcophagus holds a central place. ; Dans cet espace chronologique et géographique que constitue le territoire entre la Loire et les Pyrénées au début du haut Moyen-Âge, la diversité ...

Within the framework of the chronological et typological space made of the territories between the Loire river and the Pyrénées mountain at the beginning of early Middle Ages, cultural and political diversity leads to a transformation of the funerary containers. Between roman heritage and local innovation, the sarcophagi production undergoes various evolutions, partially constrained by the available natural resources and the tools used. The main goal of this work was in a first place to take an inventory of the sarcophagi and study their dispersion on the territory mentioned. The 1840 sarcophagi identified over more than 150 archaeological sites implied developing a suitable methodology and useful tools to gather the data and permit their analysis. Therefore, a practical database was designed to fulfill the need of recording measures, preservation state and other information on the sarcophagi observed. At the same time, the different defined types of sarcophagi were depicted on maps, in order to evaluate their geographical dispersion. This comparative approach based on morphological and typological study of the funerary containers has been enhanced with statistical analyses on measures recorded. These different processes succeeded in depicting various productions with different characteristics. In addition to these characteristics, the data collected allowed to feed different topics on a larger scale, such as the diffusion of these goods beyond strong cultural frontiers. On the contrary, distribution networks appear to be well organized and very efficient on a local or regional scale. Most of the sarcophagi productions are local, and only types and ideas travel, even if some of the sarcophagi travelled over long distances. The conclusions obtained shed the light on new elements on topics such as economy and techniques, where the sarcophagus holds a central place. ; Dans cet espace chronologique et géographique que constitue le territoire entre la Loire et les Pyrénées au début du haut Moyen-Âge, la diversité ...

La guerre du Golfe a obligé la France à revoir sa position face à l'Otan. La volonté française d'une Europe plus autonome pour sa défense a été contrecarrée tant par les États-Unis que les autres pays européens, peu enclins à appuyer les projets de Paris, développant ainsi une contradiction croissante entre ambitions et réalités.

En renouant avec l'horizon d'un monde sans armes nucléaires, la première administration Obama a indirectement recherché une implication accrue des autres grandes puissances nucléaires, la Russie et la Chine, dans la lutte contre la prolifération, en priorité dans les crises iranienne et nord-coréenne. Mais l'administration Obama 2 rencontre des difficultés croissantes pour concilier la logique du Global Zero avec le maintien d'une tradition américaine de supériorité, ou primacy , dans le domaine nucléaire. D'un côté, les États-Unis cherchent à instaurer une forme de stabilité stratégique avec la Russie et la Chine, dans le cadre d'une reconnaissance de vulnérabilités mutuelles. Mais, d'un autre côté, Washington estime que les conditions de la stabilité stratégique ne peuvent plus être circonscrites au domaine nucléaire. Deux facteurs semblent témoigner des limites de cette notion, et jouent un rôle croissant dans le débat américain relatif à la dissuasion. Ces deux facteurs sont d'une part les évolutions en Asie, en particulier les perspectives de la relation sino-américaine, et d'autre part les incertitudes relatives à la militarisation du cyberespace.