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International law separates international from non-international conflicts. This book discusses how this categorisation operates, identifying the legal questions raised. Case studies show how this impacts on issues like detention in armed conflict and the relationship between human rights and humanitarian law

Britain and the Middle East in the 9/11 Era; Contents; About the author; Preface and acknowledgments; Map of the Middle East; Introduction; 1 Historical Background: Stages in the Relationship; 2 New Labour Worldview and the Middle East; 3 New Labour: New Policy-making Process; 4 Britain's Role in the Peace Process: 19972001; 5 The Road to War in Iraq; 6 Reaping the Whirlwind: The Fallout from the Invasion of Iraq for British Relations across the Middle East; 7 Realpolitik and the Peace Process after 9/11; 8 Still Flying the Flag: Britain and the Arab Gulf States; 9 Conclusions; Notes; Index.

This authoritative book examines British policy in the Middle East, focusing on how Britain's response to 9/11 particularly the decision to join the US invasion of Iraq has affected its role and relations in the region.: Establishes what was 'new' about the New Labour approach and policies towards the Middle East and what changed as a result of 9/11 and the 'war on terror' Analyses in detail how the Blair government handled the Iraq crisis, invasion and fallout, including developments in relations with Iran; Documents Britain's 'niche' role in the Middle East peace process.; Argues that ar.

Peacekeeping operations have become a central issue in international relations since the end of the Cold War. This work underlines the mixture of defensive and offensive stimuli driving Russian 'peacekeeping' strategies, and highlights the dangers that the new Russian Federation faces in undertaking these operations

Cover -- Half Title -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Original Title Page -- Original Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Table of Contents -- ABBREVIATIONS -- PREFACE -- 1 INTRODUCTION: SOME BASIC DATA -- Historical Data -- Demographic and Ecologic Factors -- The Religious Communities -- 2 ADAPTATION OR ALIENATION -- Villagers and Townspeople -- The Bedouins and the Patterns of Change -- Problems in Adaptation -- 3 CULTURAL CHANGE AND ITS REFLECTION IN POLITICS -- Arab Education -- Arab Intellectuals and Israel -- The Arab Students -- The Crisis Reflected in the Press and Literature -- 4 POLITICAL ORGANIZATIONS -- New Political Trends -- Israeli Arabs and the Political Parties -- Communist Activity -- The al-Arḍ Group -- 5 THE ARABS IN PARLIAMENTARY ELECTIONS -- Elections to the First Kneset, 1949 -- Elections to the Second Kneset, 1951 -- Elections to the Third Kneset, 1955 -- Elections to the Fourth Kneset, 1959 -- Elections to the Fifth Kneset, 1961 -- Elections to the Sixth Kneset, 1965 -- Main characteristics -- 6 THE ARABS IN LOCAL AND TRADE UNION ELECTIONS -- The Arabs and Local Elections -- The Arabs in Trade Union Elections -- 7 LEADERSHIP AND FOCI OF POLITICAL ACTIVITY -- Arab Political Leadership in Israel -- National and Local Leadership -- The Arab Members of the Kneset -- Religious Leadership -- Foci of Political Activity -- 8 CONCLUDING REMARKS -- APPENDICES -- Appendix A Rustum Bastūnī on Integrating the Arabs in Israel -- Appendix B Manifesto of the Arab Students' Committee -- Appendix C Tawfīq Ṭūbī on the Arabs in Israel -- Appendix D Al-Arḍ's Memorandum on the Arabs in Israel -- Appendix E Excerpts from the Israeli Arab Awareness -- Appendix F Amnōn Līn on the Arabs and the Sixth Kneset Elections -- Appendix G Some Resolutions of the Tenth Congress of the Histadrūt -- Appendix H First Speech by an Arab Member of the Kneset.

1. The nineteen-twenties -- 2. The United States : internal policy -- 3. The United States : foreign economic policy -- 4. Great Britain -- 5. France -- 6. Germany : internal policy -- 7. Germany : foreign economic policy -- 8. Note on Swedish recovery policy -- 9. International action in the economic field -- 10. The lessons.

This text provides a comprehensive examination of the way in which the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) is implemented and policed.